Cardioplegias are different pharmacokinetic solutions routinely used in cardiac surgery to protect the heart from ischemia and induce arrest. Various cardioplegia solutions (such as Bretschneider, del Nido, blood cardioplegia, crystalloid cardioplegia, St. Thomas) are used in clinical practice. There is no clear scientific data in the literature that demonstrates the superiority of one cardioplegia over the others. The choice of the appropriate cardioplegia depends on the surgeon's clinical experience and preference. In this study preferred the blood cardioplegia and del Nido cardioplegia, which are commonly used in clinic. Both cardioplegias have different advantages that contribute to their preference in clinical practice. Blood cardioplegia is an autologous cardioplegia that includes physiological buffer systems, allowing for heart nourishment and containing native antioxidant systems. However, the need for repeated doses every 20 minutes after the initial application creates a disadvantage in terms of surgical comfort. On the other hand, del Nido cardioplegia is preferred by surgeons in complex cases due to its long application intervals. The adequacy of a single dose for up to 90 minutes after the initial application creates an advantage in terms of surgical comfort and surgical integrity. However, the content being predominantly electrolyte-based, containing 1:4 ratio of autologous blood, and the extended time of a single dose are disadvantages compared to blood cardioplegia in terms of heart nourishment and protection from ischemia. In addition to these different usage scenarios, the myocardial protective effects of cardioplegias on cellular redox homeostasis are also among the current research topics. Thesis project can contribute to the current literature and clinical practice on the cardioprotective advantages of cardioplegia solutions and the reasons for their preference in surgery.
Cardioplegias are routinely used in cardiac surgery to protect the heart from ischemia. Choice of the cardioplegia depends on surgeons clinical experience and preference. Various cardioplegia solutions (such as Bretschneider, del Nido, blood cardioplegia, crystalloid cardioplegia, St. Thomas) are widely used in clinical practice. There is no clear scientific data in the current literature that demonstrates the superiority of one cardioplegia over the others. In this study preferred the blood and del Nido cardioplegia solutions, which are commonly used in clinic. Blood cardioplegia is an autologous cardioplegia that includes physiological buffer systems, allowing for heart nourishment and containing native antioxidant systems. However, the need for repeated doses every 20 minutes after the initial application creates a disadvantage in terms of surgical comfort. On the other hand, del Nido cardioplegia is preferred by surgeons in complex cases due to its long application intervals. The adequacy of a single dose for up to 90 minutes after the initial application creates an advantage in terms of surgical comfort and surgical integrity. However, the content being predominantly electrolyte-based, containing 1:4 ratio of autologous blood, and the extended time of a single dose are disadvantages compared to blood cardioplegia in terms of heart nourishment and protection from ischemia. Hamad et al reported that del Nido and blood cardioplegia solutions offer equivalent safety in combined adult valve surgery. In addition to these differences, the myocardial protective effects of cardioplegias on myocardial redox homeostasis are also among the current research topics. Ischemia and reperfusion injury can be observed in the myocardial tissues of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery and isolated valve replacement surgery. It was reported that coronary sinus blood sampling gives an insight into the localized pathophysiology of heart diseases. Comparative research examining the effects of blood and del Nido cardioplegia solutions on coronary sinus redox status is not currently available in the literature. The study aim to contribute to the development of effective strategies to minimize oxidative damage associated with cardiac surgery by investigating the effects of blood and del Nido cardioplegia solutions on coronary sinus redox homeostasis during the preoperative and postoperative periods using redox biomarkers and antioxidant system transcription factors. Thesis project also intend to compare these redox effects with elective isolated valve replacement surgery patients, who do not have coronary artery disease but share a similar pathogenesis with potential strategies for minimizing oxidative damage associated with cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
2
To investigate the effectiveness of myocardial protection methods, blood samples were collected from the coronary sinus before the aortic cross-clamping and at 4 minutes after aortic cross-clamping, through a coronary sinus cannula with a yellow-capped gel tube. The collected blood samples were kept in an upright position for 20 minutes to allow separation into serum fraction, then centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes (Beckman Coulter, Microfuge 16, USA). The obtained serums were aliquoted into 250 μl portions in Eppendorf tubes, separately for each patient.
To investigate the effectiveness of myocardial protection methods, blood samples were collected from the coronary sinus before the aortic cross-clamping and at 4 minutes after aortic cross-clamping, through a coronary sinus cannula with a yellow-capped gel tube. The collected blood samples were kept in an upright position for 20 minutes to allow separation into serum fraction, then centrifuged at 3000 g for 10 minutes (Beckman Coulter, Microfuge 16, USA). The obtained serums were aliquoted into 250 μl portions in Eppendorf tubes, separately for each patient.
SBÜ. Dr. Siyami Ersek Göğüs Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Erişkin Kalp ve Damar Cerrahisi Kliniği
Istanbul, Kadıköy, Turkey (Türkiye)
Evaluation of the myocardial protective effects of different cardioplegia solutions through oxidative stress and redox signaling molecules.
The PCO concentration was expressed as nmol/mg protein. The standard curve was used to express the AOPP concentrations as micromoles per liter of chloramine-T equivalents.Lipid peroxidation rate of coronary sinus blood samples was assessed with a calibration curve for peroxide value using xylenol orange and Fe3+ chloride. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase expression.MnSOD concentrations of the coronary sinus blood samples were expressed as ng/mL.GPx activities of the coronary sinus blood samples were expressed as U/mg protein.The CAT activity is measured as the difference in absorbance per unit time.CAT concentrations of the coronary sinus blood samples were expressed as KU/L.The serum Nrf2 levels of the samples were expressed as ng/L.The serum Keap1 levels of the samples were expressed as ng/L.The samples' serum PGC-1α levels were reported as ng/mL.
Time frame: 1-7 days
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.