36 middle-aged with overweight adults were divided into three groups: 1. L-HIIT group: the long-interval HIIT group (4 × 4 min Exercise/4 min Rest), 2. M-HIIT group: the medium-interval HIIT group (8 × 2 min Exercise/2 min Rest), 3. Control group: no exercise intervention. All groups carried out the training stage for 8 weeks (three sessions per week) and the detraining stage for 4 weeks in order to investigate the effects induced by different HIIT interventions on inflammation, metabolic adaptation, anti-fatigue and exercise performance, and fat loss.
Aging, obesity, have been shown to lead to higher oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. However, high-intensity interval training (HIIT) has anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity benefits. Different training prescriptions may also affect improvements. Therefore, this study will explore the optimal HIIT prescription to improve fat, inflammation, metabolism, and exercise performance in overweight middle-aged and older adults. Thirty-six middle-aged with overweight adults were divided into three groups: 1. L-HIIT group: the long-interval HIIT group (4 × 4 min Exercise/4 min Rest), 2. M-HIIT group: the medium-interval HIIT group (8 × 2 min Exercise/2 min Rest), 3. Control group: no exercise intervention. All groups carried out the training stage for 8 weeks (three sessions per week), then the detraining stage for 4 weeks in order to investigate the effects induced by different HIIT interventions on inflammation, metabolic adaptation, anti-fatigue and exercise performance, and fat loss.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
36
Taipei Medical University
Taipei, Taiwan
Aerobic Capacity Test
a graded exercise test (GXT) was performed using a stationary bike ergometer (ergo\_bike Premium 8i, Flugplatzstr, Germany) to assess the subject's VO2peak
Time frame: Primary Outcomes were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
Aerobic Capacity Test
All subjects wore polar heart rate belts (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) to monitor maximum heart rate during aerobic capacity testing.
Time frame: Primary Outcomes were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
Anti-fatigue performance
After a standard warm-up, all subjects were assessed with the classical Wingate (WAnT) on a cycloergometer (Monark 894E, Varberg, Sweden) in a 30 s "go all out" ultramax test. The seat height was adjusted to the satisfaction of each participant, and toe clips prevented the feet from slipping off the pedals. Before the initial test, the subjects warmed up for 5 min, and the power was approximately 50 W. After the warm-up, two preparation exercises lasting 3 s, during which the actual test load was 3% of their own body weight, were applied to accustom the participant to resistance. The test started, and the resistance was set on the friction belt of the dynamometer. External loading was estimated individually at 5% body weight. The average relative mean power parameters were recorded.
Time frame: Primary Outcomes were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
skinfold thickness
The sum of skinfold thickness at seven sites (triceps, chest, subscapular muscle, upper ilium, abdomen, front thigh, and leg) was measured by using a skinfold caliper (Beta Technology, Santa Cruz, California, USA).
Time frame: Primary Outcomes were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
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Body composition_body fat
The multi-frequency principle was applied to measure body composition by using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) on an InBody 570 device (In-body, Seoul, South Korea). To perform the measurements, after the subjects' palms and soles were removed from the sensors, the subjects stood on the footing electrodes and held the sensing handles with two hands. During the measurements, the subjects kept their arms open and left their bodies at an angle of 30° without speaking or moving. The subjects also fasted for at least 8 h before the test. The body fat were meansure
Time frame: Primary Outcomes were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
Glucose
Safety is assessed function of Glucose (70\~100 mg/dL)
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
Triglycerides
Safety is assessed function of blood lipid such as Triglycerides (\<150 mg/dL)
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
Safety is assessed function of blood lipid such as LDL (0\~140mg/dl)
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Safety is assessed function of blood lipid such as LDL (0\~140mg/dl)
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
creatine kinase (CK) level
At designated time points in the recovery period, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Assess serum CK(Creatine Kinase, U/L) to monitor physiological fitness. Serum CK (U/L), were assessed for monitoring physiological adaptation. All biochemical indices were assessed using an autoanalyzer (Hitachi 7060, Tokyo, Japan).
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
C-reactive protein (CRP)
At designated time points in the recovery period, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Used commercial kit human CRP (Cayman, Mich, USA) and Elisa reader (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) for analysis
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1
At designated time points in the recovery period, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Used commercial kit human TNF-R1 (R \& D SYSTEMS, MN USA) and Elisa reader (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) for analysis
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).
TNF-R2
At designated time points in the recovery period, blood samples were collected with brachial venous catheters. Used commercial kit human TNF-R1 (R \& D SYSTEMS, MN USA) and Elisa reader (PerkinElmer, Massachusetts, USA) for analysis
Time frame: were measured before the intervention (at week 0), after eight weeks of HIIT intervention (at week 8), and after the following four weeks of detraining (at week 12).