Study on the Clinical Application Value of PET Imaging Targeting GPC3 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Overview

This is a diagnostic study. Patients were recruited from patients with clinically suspected or confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma and healthy volunteers were recruited for PET/or PET/CT imaging targeting a GPC3-specific probe (in the case of 68Ga-NOTA-aGPC3-scFv) , to observe the reaction of volunteers and patients after injection of drugs, to evaluate the pharmacokinetics in vivo and the efficacy of diagnosis and staging, and to perform PET CT imaging in patients with contraindications. General Information, clinical data, blood routine, liver and renal function, and other imaging data were collected. The final diagnosis was based on the histopathology of biopsy or surgical specimens.

Liver cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prominent histopathological type. Surgical resection and liver transplantation are the main radical methods for early HCC patients. However, due to its insidious onset, more than 90% of HCC patients are already in local advanced stage or accompanied by distant metastasis when diagnosed, so there is no surgical opportunity and the prognosis is very poor. It is important to explore new methods and strategies for early and accurate diagnosis of HCC to improve the prognosis of patients. Traditional imaging methods such as multi-temporal computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been widely used in the diagnosis, staging and treatment decision making of HCC, but qualitative diagnosis cannot be achieved. Nuclear medicine diagnostic tool \[18F\]-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (\[18F\]-FDG PET/CT) imaging technology has been widely used in the diagnosis of a variety of malignant tumors, but due to its low diagnostic accuracy for HCC, especially highly differentiated HCC, its value in the early diagnosis of HCC is limited. GPC3, a member of the heparan sulfate glycoprotein family, is composed of a core protein, two heparan sulfate chains located at the C-terminal and phosphatidyl inositol anchors attached to the cell membrane. Data analysis showed that GPC3 was significantly overexpressed in tumor cells of HCC patients, but hardly expressed in normal liver tissue or in benign liver diseases, making it the most specific tumor marker for HCC. High expression of GPC3 is associated with poor prognosis in HCC. patients,.suggesting that GPC3 may be an important molecular target for accurate diagnosis and treatment of HCC. This project proposes to PET imaging targeting GPC3 in the diagnosis and staging of HCC and to compare the diagnostic efficacy with the pathology gold standard. And this study was conducted to compensate for the lack of value of 18F-FDG PET imaging for the diagnosis and staging of malignant tumors by comparing PET imaging targeting GPC3 with the commonly used 18F-FDG PET imaging.