Related Factors of Hp Infection in Physical Examination and Community Population in Hunan Province

Inclusion Criteria: 1. population aged 4-90 years, no requirement for gender; 2. the physical examination population from the health management center of the Third Xiangya Hospital; 3. the family-based community residents in Changsha City \[families containing two or more family members (living together for more than 10 consecutive months per year) and the family members aged 3 years and above\]; Exclusion Criteria: 1. people with use of antibiotics, bismuth or Chinese traditional medicines with antibacterial effects in the previous 4 weeks of 13C-UBT, or H2 receptor antagonists, PPIs, P-CAB or other drugs affecting H. pylori activity within the previous 2 weeks of 13C-UBT; 2. people with H. pylori treatment within the past 3 months; 3. People who fasted less than 3 hours before 13C-UBT; 4. people with other contraindications to performing 13C-UBT; 5. people living alone in a family; 6. people with incomplete questionnaire information; 7. people with serious diseases or clinical conditions that may interfere with the evaluation of the results of the study, such as severe heart, liver, lung, and renal insufficiency, low immunity, and so on; 8. people with mental illness and communication disorders; 9. people deemed unsuitable by the researchers to participate in this project;