The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of different IMT protocols on respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, quadriceps femoris muscle strength (QMS), handgrip muscle strength (HGS), QoL, respiratory function, dyspnoea, fatigue, balance, and PA levels in patients with CKD that were not on dialysis.
Peripheral and respiratory muscle weakness has been reported in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Management of respiratory muscle weakness is crucial, as reduced functional performance is related to respiratory muscle weakness. Different IMT function protocols with 30-70% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) have been found to improve these in patients with CKD. The most efficient IMT intensity for patients with CKD is unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of different IMT protocols on respiratory muscle strength, functional exercise capacity, quadriceps femoris muscle strength (QMS), handgrip muscle strength (HGS), QoL, respiratory function, dyspnoea, fatigue, balance, and PA levels in patients with CKD that were not on dialysis.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
47
IMT will be conducted using a pressure threshold-loading device (POWERbreathe® Classic Low Resistance). The groups will train for 30 min-per/day, 7 days/week, for 8 weeks. Six sessions at home and 1 session will be performed at department. physiotherapist
Hatay Mustafa Kemal University
Hatay, Turkey (Türkiye)
Inspiratory muscle strength
A mouth pressure device will be used to evaluate IMS.
Time frame: First day
Functional exercise capacity
Functional exercise capacity will be evaluated with 6 minutes working test. Test will be performed in an enclosed 30-m corridor. The patients walk as fast as they could within 6 min.
Time frame: First day
Peripheral muscle strength
A hand-held dynamometer will be used to measure peripheral muscle strength. The measurements will be repeated three times, and the highest value will be used for comparison.
Time frame: First day
Expiratory muscle strength
A mouth pressure device will be used to evaluate EMS.
Time frame: First day
Pulmonary functions FEV1
Spirometry will be used to assess pulmonary function.
Time frame: First day
Pulmonary functions FVC
Spirometry will be used to assess pulmonary function.
Time frame: First day
Pulmonary functions FEV1/FVC
Spirometry will be used to assess pulmonary function.
Time frame: First day
Pulmonary functions PEF
Spirometry will be used to assess pulmonary function.
Time frame: First day
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Pulmonary functions FEF25-75%
Spirometry will be used to assess pulmonary function.
Time frame: First day
Dyspnoea
Dyspnoea will be measured using the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnoea scale. Levels of dyspnea are graded 0-4.
Time frame: First day
Fatigue
Fatigue will be assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). The total score ranges from 0 to 7.
Time frame: First day
Quality of life assessment
The Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire will be used to assess QoL and includes both physical and mental components. The scores range from 0 to 100.
Time frame: First day
Physical activity
Physical activity will be assesed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form, which includes questions on sitting duration, walking activity, and moderate and vigorous activities.The IPAQ is categorized as inactive (\<600 MET-min/week), minimally active (600-3000 MET-min/week), and sufficiently active (\>3000 MET-min/week) based on total scores.
Time frame: First day
Balance
Balance will be evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The scale includes 14 items scoring 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate better balance.
Time frame: First day