Patients who have moderate crowding that could be treated on a non-extraction will be treated in this study. The apical root resorption and alveolar bone height of the lingual and labial fixed appliances will be assessed. All patients will receive a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan at two different times (T0: Before treatment, T1: After treatment). There are two groups: The first group (Experimental): The patients in this group will be treated using Lingual Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. The second group (Control): The patients in this group will be treated using Labial Fixed Orthodontic Appliances.
Recently, the therapeutic results of lingual orthodontics have become similar to those produced by labial orthodontics. However, lingual appliances act differently. The application of force near the center of resistance and the distance between the lingual brackets leads to an increase in friction and, thus, an increase in the force applied during treatment. In addition, the contact of the lower incisors with the brackets of the upper incisors in the lingual technique can lead to the intrusion of these incisors. Therefore, these factors can be potential risks for apical root resorption and alveolar bone height in lingual orthodontics. 2D radiographs may not accurately depict the true amount of root resorption due to magnification errors and difficulties in obtaining repeatable images. Besides, conventional two-dimensional radiographs cannot accurately assess alveolar bone height in the anterior region. CBCT has proven to be valuable in diagnosing root resorption due to its capability to produce distortion-free images, as well as its ability to maintain a high level of reproducibility despite changes in tooth positions after treatment, with high sensitivity and specificity. On the other hand, the use of CBCT allows for an evaluation of alveolar bone height in the anterior region with high accuracy and precision.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
40
These brackets will be used on the lingual surfaces of the upper and lower teeth.
These brackets will be used on the vestibular surfaces of the upper and lower teeth.
Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Damsacus
Damascus, Syria
Change in tooth lengths
Axial, coronal, and sagittal planes of the CBCT images will be reoriented to be perpendicular to the long axis of each tooth under assessment. The distances were measured as follows. Central and lateral incisors: from incisal edge to apex (sagittal section). Canines: from cusp tip to apex (sagittal section). Single-rooted premolar: from vestibular cusp tip to apex (sagittal section). Two-rooted premolar: from vestibular cusp tip to apex (sagittal section) and lingual cusp tip to apex (coronal section). Upper molars: from the mesiolingual cusp tip to the apex of the lingual root of the molar (coronal section), from the mesobuccal cusp tip to the apex of the mesobuccal root of the molar (sagittal section), from distobuccal cusp tip to the apex of distobuccal root of molar (sagittal section).
Time frame: T0: one day before the commencement of treatment. T1: one day following the end of treatment
Change in the alveolar bone height
The CBCT images were redirected according to the long axis of each tooth as given previously. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the crest of the alveolar bone was measured in the sagittal plane for central and lateral incisors, while in the coronal plane for canines. For the premolars and first molars, the distance between the cementoenamel junction and the crest of the alveolar bone was measured in the coronal plane.
Time frame: T0: one day before the commencement of treatment. T1: one day following the end of treatment
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