Prospective Comparative Study Between Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Postoperative Pain and Cognitive Dysfunction Management in Patient Undergoing Hip Surgery

Overview

Hip fractures are more common in older people due to osteoporosis. It is estimated that around six million patients worldwide will suffer hip fractures annually by 2050 as the population ages \[1\]. Clinically, hip surgery is a common and effective treatment for hip fractures. There will be an increasing number of older people undergoing hip surgery, including osteosynthesis and arthroplasty. However, severe surgical trauma, postoperative pain, and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) can be a considerable challenge for older people undergoing hip surgery \[2, 3\].The successful use of QLB with all approaches has been reported in case reports for the following surgical procedures: proctosigmoidectomy, hip surgery, above-knee amputation, abdominal hernia repair, breast reconstruction, colostomy, closure, radical nephrectomy, lower extremity vascular surgery, total hip arthroplasty, laparotomy, and colectomy. Ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (QLB) is a recently described fascial plane block in which the anesthetic is injected adjacently to the quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle with the goal of anesthetizing the nerves in the thoracolumbar region \[17,18\]. As a trunk nerve block, quadratus lumborum block (QLB) has been widely used for postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal and lower limb surgeries \[19\]. QLB can provide adequate analgesia and reduce opioid requirements after hip surgery \[20\]FICB or fascia iliaca block (FIB), first proposed in 1989, is a means ofblocking the three principal lumbar plexus nerves of the thigh with a single injection of local anesthetic delivered immediately dorsal to the fascia iliaca \[21,22\]. Indications of FICB are surgical anesthesia to the lower extremity, management of cancer pain and pain owing to inflammatory conditions of the lumbar plexus, and amelioration of acute pain following trauma, fracture, and burn \[23\]. Fascia Iliaca Block (FIB), which is widely used for postoperative analgesia in hip surgery, is a nerve block technique with proven efficacy\[24\].