A Study of the Higher Cognitive Functions of the Human Brain With Single-neuron Activity Recording

Inclusion Criteria: 1. aged 18-70 years old. 2. have selective or confine operation indications:spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage or lobar hemorrhage that need catheter aspiration and drainage;hydrocephalus that need V-P shunt; need placing ommaya. 3. GCS score 12-15; must be able to communicate with investigators in Mandarin and comply with study requirements. 4. volunteered to participate in this study and sign informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. have severe cognitive dysfunction. 2. have psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia. 3. long-term use of special medications, such as hormones, immunosuppressant, and anticoagulants. 4. be allergic to surgery instruments or medications. 5. have general anesthesia, surgery contraindications. 6. have acute cardiac infarction or heart arrest within 6 months. 7. have other neurosurgery contraindications assessed by investigators. 8. lactation or pregnancy. 9. have serious systemic disease or organ dysfunctions that affects study outcome or visits. 10. participate in other ongoing clinical trials.