The goal of this \[ type of study: Clinical trial\] is to test effectiveness of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. mouth rinse using the subjective dry mouth score as a primary objective and to assess the effect of that mix on the salivary flow rate and objective dry mouth score as a secondary objective.
Xerostomia, defined as the subjective complaint of dry mouth, is one of the most prevalent and challenging adverse effects for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) in definitive or adjuvant setting with or without concomitant chemotherapy (CHT). It represents a toxicity that can resolve over time, but often translates into a permanent condition that seriously affects swallowing, speaking and oral health, impairing several domains of patients' quality of life (QoL). Symptomatically, xerostomia may range from mild discomfort to severe oral disease accompanied by signs and symptoms affecting the oral cavity, including mucous membranes, lips, tongue, salivary glands and teeth. In the most severe cases it can cause severe depression. Although radiation-induced xerostomia (RIX) is multifactorial, it is primarily the consequence of damage to the major and minor salivary glands that are usually included in the radiation fields or are in their close proximity. Thus, the severity of glandular injury and potential for recovery depends on the irradiated gland volume, the cumulative radiation dose and the capability of surviving cells to repopulate. Such injury causes diminution in function of the salivary glands and the consequences are reduction in saliva volume, consistency, pH, immunoglobulins and antimicrobial proteins. The efficacy of Aqualief in treating xerostomia, or dry mouth, in patients contacting a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was evaluated by a previous study. Aqualief contains two key ingredients, carnosine and karkadé (Hibiscus sabdariffa), which were selected and mixed with normalizing saliva pH and increasing saliva buffering activity. These parameters are often impaired in xerostomia patients, leading to acid-induced enamel and dental erosion and promoting the growth of aciduric bacteria. Aqualief was found to normalize saliva pH to a neutral value and significantly increase the saliva flow rate in xerostomic patients. After six days of treatment, saliva pH was increased toward a neutral value, and the saliva flow rate was increased by almost 60%, compared to the basal value. This improvement was more than three times greater than that achieved with a placebo, which only increased resting salivation by 19%.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
40
The fresh red Roselle plant was obtained; the red calyxes of Hibiscus Sabdariffa were separated from the plant and dried for a week at 25°C. The dried calyxes were ground to powder, kept in a sealed container, and stored in a refrigerator (4°C) until used. Aqueous Roselle calyx extract was prepared by adding 10 gm of the previously prepared powder to 100 ml of boiling water and then heated on a hot stirrer plate for 30 min. To remove the remnants, the mixture was filtered via Whatman No 1 filter paper (Whatman products, Springfield Paper Mill, Maidstone, UK). The water content of the filtered solution was evaporated using an air recirculation oven and then kept at 4°C in the dark until used to determine antibacterial effectiveness \[20\].
Ahmed Maher Teaching Hosipital
Cairo, Egypt
RECRUITINGSubjective symptoms of oral dryness
• Using a questionnaire will be recorded according to the following: Q1. Does your mouth feel dry? Q2. Do you sip liquids to aid in swallowing dry food? Q3. Does your mouth feel dry when eating a meal? Q4. Does the amount of saliva in your mouth seem to be too little? Subject who answered affirmatively to at least one of the questions related to oral dryness will be considered as positive for subjective complaints of oral dryness and take score from 1-4 according to the number of positive answers.
Time frame: Three points: -"baseline which is at the fourth week of radiotherapy", -"the second point is at seventh week of the radiotherapy, while the end point is after three months of radiotherapy.
Objective dry mouth score
* The patients will be examined for their signs of dry mouth including: 1. loss of pooled saliva 2. Mouth mirror stickiness 3. Stringy or foamy appearance 4. Labial dehydration 5. Irresponsiveness to parotid stimulation * Objective dry mouth scores will be calculated as the number of observed dry mouth signs (0-5), and patients with a score less than 2 will be excluded.
Time frame: Three points: -"baseline which is at the fourth week of radiotherapy", -"the second point is at seventh week of the radiotherapy, while the end point is after three months of radiotherapy.
Salivary flow rate
• Eating and talking were prohibited during the time of collection. Unstimulated whole saliva will be collected for 5 min by spitting method. The collection will be timed, so that flow rate (mL/min) could be measured.
Time frame: Three points: -"baseline which is at the fourth week of radiotherapy", -"the second point is at seventh week of the radiotherapy, while the end point is after three months of radiotherapy.
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