Multimodal Fetal and Placental Imaging and Biomarkers of Clinical Outcomes in Opioid Use Disorder

Pregnant women with opioid use disorder Inclusion Criteria: * Age \>18 years * Currently taking buprenorphine or methadone for OUD and are enrolled in a prenatal opioid maintenance program * Singleton Pregnancy * Planned delivery at Indiana University or University of Pittsburgh study sites Exclusion Criteria: * Serious maternal medical illness as deemed by study physician investigators that would make it challenging to comply with study procedures * Known or suspected major fetal/ neonatal congenital abnormalities * HIV or AIDS Infants with prenatal opioid exposure: Inclusion: 1. Prenatal buprenorphine or methadone exposure 2. Born to mother enrolled in Opioid Use Disorder arm of study Exclusion: Major congenital anomalies or genetic syndromes affecting neurodevelopment Control Pregnant Women: Inclusion: 1. Women \>18 Years of age 2. Healthy singleton pregnancy 3. Planned delivery at Indiana University or University of Pittsburgh study sites Exclusion: 1. Serious maternal medical illness as deemed by study physician investigators that would make it challenging to comply with study procedures 2. HIV or AIDS 3. Known or suspected major fetal congenital abnormalities 4. Any history of opioid misuse before or during pregnancy-per self-report and clinical notes. Control infants: Inclusion: Born to control pregnant mother enrolled in study Exclusion: Any major congenital anomalies, genetic abnormalities, neurologic abnormalities, syndromes, or chronic medical conditions affecting neurodevelopment.