The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of a proactive intervention to approach death thoughts among people with advanced cancer compared to usual care (the reactive approach) via a feasible approach with previous indicators of efficacy: Go-TAD (Give the Opportunity to Talk about Death). The benefits of the intervention will be evaluated in terms of: reduction of emotional distress and hopelessness and improvement the doctor-patient relationship, as well as improvement of quality of life for the patient. A Phase II randomized controlled mixed methods clinical trial (RCT) will be carried out within 4 Palliative Care units of tertiary care hospitals in Catalonia. Participants will be persons with advanced cancer defined according to the criteria of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Participants will be randomly assigned to an intervention group or control group. In the intervention group, the participants will receive a medical visit that will include the 4 open-ended questions comprising the Go-TAD intervention, while the control group will receive usual care. Between 24 and 96 hours later, a researcher from outside the center will assess study outcome measures. To strengthen the study conclusions, a qualitative study will be carried out in which the experiences of the participants in the intervention group and of their professionals who administered the Go-TAD will be explored in depth.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
168
The participants will receive a medical visit that will include the 4 open-ended questions comprising the Go-TAD intervention
Universitat Internacional de Catalunya
Sant Cugat del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
Emotional distress
The main outcome will be emotional distress, which will be evaluated using an instrument validated and developed in the context of palliative care in Spain, the Emotional Distress Detection (DME) questionnaire. This questionnaire is characterized by the simplicity and ease of application and the short application time, given that it only consists of 4 items. The first three items are questions with answers in the format of a visual numerical scale from 0 to 10, in which the state of mind and the perception of coping with the situation are evaluated, and another that records the presence or absence of concerns. The last question is based on the observation, by the healthcare professional, of the presence of external signs of emotional distress. The DME gives a total score (0 to 20) made up of the sum of the scores of the first three items, one of them in reverse format, with the highest scores indicating greater discomfort.
Time frame: 4 days
Hopelessness assessed by the Beck Hopelessness Questionnaire (BHQ).
Hopelessness will be assessed with the Beck Hopelessness Questionnaire (BHQ). This validated and widely used questionnaire in palliative care research originally consists of 20 items that were reduced to 7 items with true/false responses in a brief version specially adapted to the area of palliative care. The total score ranges from 0 to 7, with higher scores indicating a higher level of hopelessness.
Time frame: 4 days
Doctor-patient relationship evaluated with the Patient-Doctor-Relationship Questionnaire -PDRQ-9-.
The quality of the doctor-patient relationship from the patient's perspective will be evaluated with the Patient-Doctor-Relationship Questionnaire -PDRQ-9-. This questionnaire consists of 9 items with a 5-point Likert-type response format and has been previously used in the field of palliative care. The total score ranges between 9-45, with higher scores indicating a better relationship between doctor and patient.
Time frame: 4 days
Quality of life related to health evaluated using the Palliative Outcome Scale (POS)
It will be evaluated using the Palliative Outcome Scale (POS). This scale has been validated with a proxy for quality of life in patients with palliative care. It consists of 12 items with multiple response format that address the physical and psychological dimensions, the information given, communication with family and friends, the meaning of life and other practical aspects related to the disease. The range of scores is 0-40, with higher scores indicating worse quality of life.
Time frame: 4 days
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