The psychosomatic symptoms of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) during the initial treatment phase need to be improved. Stress coping training aims to reshape an individual's perception of stress and provide skill training, thereby influencing how they cope in stressful situations. Symptom management theory emphasizes improving health outcomes by helping individuals perceive and manage their symptoms. Therefore, this clinical trial combines stress coping training and symptom management theory to construct and test an intervention program for psychosomatic symptoms in DTC patients. The main questions it aims to answer are: * Does the psychosomatic symptom intervention alleviate participants' levels of anxiety and depression? * Does the psychosomatic symptom intervention promote participants' achievement of TSH suppression therapy standards? * Does the psychosomatic symptom intervention enhance participants' self-management efficacy? * Does the psychosomatic symptom intervention improve participants' shoulder joint function? Researchers will compare the psychosomatic symptom intervention with continuous psychological care (a form of comforting care) to determine if the intervention better promotes participants' psychosomatic health. 1. Before conducting this clinical trial, researchers conducted qualitative interviews with DTC patients and healthcare providers, followed by literature analysis and expert consultations to develop a psychosomatic symptom intervention program for DTC patients during the initial treatment phase. 2. A total of 84 DTC patients in the initial treatment phase were recruited and randomly grouped into two blocks. The intervention group received a 12-week psychosomatic symptom intervention in addition to routine care, while the control group received 12 weeks of continuous care. Data were collected before the intervention, at the end of the intervention, 3 months after the intervention, and 6 months after the intervention. The psychosomatic symptom intervention mainly includes: * Psychological module: symptom logs, meditation, positive psychology, and emotional management * Physiological module: gargling exercises, "T" exercises, "米" exercises, and shoulder-neck exercises * The psychosomatic module aims to intervene at three levels: individual, environmental, and health and disease. The individual level includes role management and self-awareness. The environmental level includes resource utilization, family support, peer support, and social support. The health and disease level includes disease management, individual counseling, and progressive muscle relaxation training. * The intervention is divided into three stages: concept formation, skill acquisition and repetition, and application and completion. These stages are further divided into six sub-stages, each containing content from the psychological, physiological, and psychosomatic modules.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
84
Psychosomatic symptoms included intervention of negative psychological symptoms and intervention of physical discomfort symptoms.
The control group implemented continuity of supportive care based on primary care
Harbin Medical University
Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
anxiety and depression
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess the anxiety and depression levels of DTC patients. The scale was developed by Zigmond in 1983 and is primarily used to assess the anxiety and depression of the subjects over the past month. A total of 14 items were included, comprising an anxiety subscale and a depression subscale, each containing 7 items. According to the frequency of occurrence, the situation is divided into four levels, namely "1 to 4", scored from 0 to 3 points, and the two subscales range from 0 to 21 points. The lowest possible score is 0, while the highest is 42. Higher scores on the scale indicate more severe levels of anxiety and depression.
Time frame: Before the beginning of the intervention (T0), at the end of the intervention (12 weeks of intervention, T1), and 3 and 6 months after the end of the intervention (T2 and T3).
TSH
This study is based on the recommended by 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. First, in patients with a structural incomplete response to therapy, the serum TSH should be maintained below 0.1 mU/L. Secondly, in patients with a biochemical incomplete response to therapy, the serum TSH should be maintained between 0.1 and 0.5 mU/L. In patients with an excellent (clinically and biochemically free of disease) or indeterminate response to therapy, the serum TSH may be kept within the low reference range (0.5-2 mU/L). Finally, in patients who have not undergone remnant ablation, the serum TSH can be allowed to rise to the low reference range (0.5-2 mU/L).
Time frame: Before the start of the intervention (T0), at the end of the intervention (up to 12 weeks of intervention, i.e., three months postoperatively, T1), and six months after the end of the intervention (i.e., nine months postoperatively, T2).
Self-management efficacy
The Chinese version of Strategies Used by People to Promote Health (C-SUPPH) was used to evaluate the self-management efficacy of DTC patients. The scale was developed in 1996, and the Chinese version was revised by Huijuan Qian et al. There were 28 items in total, including 3 dimensions of positive attitude (items 7, 15 to 28), self-decision-making (items 10 to 12) and self-decompression (items 1 to 6, 8, 14). Each item was scored using the Likert 5 scale, with a score of 1 indicating no confidence and a score of 5 indicating very confident. The total score ranged from 28 to 140, ranging from 0 to 55 (low level), from 55 to 112 (medium level), and from \>112 (high level), with higher scores indicating greater confidence in the individual to perform self-care.
Time frame: Before the beginning of the intervention (T0), at the end of the intervention (12 weeks of intervention, T1), and 3 and 6 months after the end of the intervention (T2 and T3).
Shoulder function
The Constant-Murley Shoulder Function Scale (CMS) was used to assess the shoulder joint activity of the two groups. The scale includes two dimensions: subjective evaluation and objective evaluation. Subjective evaluation included pain levels and activities of daily living. Objective evaluation included assessing shoulder range of motion and muscle strength. The lowest score is 0, the highest score is 100, higher scores indicate better shoulder function.
Time frame: Before the beginning of the intervention (T0), at the end of the intervention (12 weeks of intervention, T1), and 3 and 6 months after the end of the intervention (T2 and T3).
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