Maternal smoking during pregnancy although it is known to be associated with fetal growth restriction, it's effect on postpartum breastfeeding is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to examine the impacts of smoking in pregnancy on breastfeeding as well as its impacts on placental immunoreactivity.
The study was conducted on 70 women who gave birth via spontaneous vaginal delivery. Groups were classified as Smokers (n=35) and Non-smokers (n=35). The breastfeeding conditions of both groups were evaluated prior to discharge and after postpartum 10th day. Cross-sections were taken from the placenta tissues after which their IGF-1 (insulin like growth factor-1), Leptin, HPL (human placental lactogen) immunoreactivities were examined.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
70
Manisa Celal Bayar Universitesi
Manisa, Turkey (Türkiye)
100% Patients's placenta with smoking in Pregnancy and 100% Patients's Placenta with from non-smoking in Pregnancy. Placenta Tissues Staining Measured by immunohistochemistry and biochemistry technique.
Time frame: Baseline
Sociodemographic, birth history, and breastfeeding questions were measured by survey technique.
Time frame: Baseline
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