Study Population: 4000 stable COPD patients, and among them approximately 2000 subjects with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes complications. Design: Cohort Study Primary Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to access the effectiveness of IDM on changes in FEV1 from baseline to the 24th week visit in patients with COPD. Statistical Analysis: We plan to compare demographic differences between groups based on whether the data conformed to normal distribution and satisfied variance chi-square, and proposed to calculate p-values using the t-test or non-parametric test for continuous data and Person's χ² or non-parametric test for categorical data. A two-sided p-value \< 0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
4,000
For COPD, they are encouraged to seek further cares and manage COPD on a regular basis. For smokers, they will be given a digital health intervention based on CBT. For participants with symptoms of depression or anxiety, another digital health intervention is provided. For abnormal BMI participants, a knowledge brochure will be provided and a medical worker from the township hospital will tell the harm of abnormal BMI. For hypertension and type 2 diabetes, we will actively include them into the National Essential Public Health program.
FEV1 values
FEV1 values at baseline, and at week 24 in patients with COPD and in patients with COPD without diabetes or hypertension, COPD with hypertension, COPD with diabetes, and COPD with hypertension and diabetes, respectively;
Time frame: baseline, 24 weeks
Change from baseline in FEV1 values at week 24
Change from baseline in FEV1 values at week 24 in patients with COPD and in patients with COPD without diabetes or hypertension, COPD with hypertension, COPD with diabetes, and COPD with hypertension and diabetes, respectively;
Time frame: 24 weeks
Actual implementation of IDM
Actual implementation of IDM (e.g. clinical visit frequency, treatment adherence, etc.,) of over all patients, and stratified by type of comorbidities.
Time frame: 48 weeks
COPD disease outcomes
COPD disease outcomes (Life expectancy/Quality of Life/exacerbation/ mortality etc.) within week 48 and stratified by type of comorbidities.
Time frame: 48 weeks
Outpatient
Definition: Clinic or emergency utilization during the study period Functional form: Count Measurement: Medical records
Time frame: 48 weeks
Hospitalization
Definition: Hospitalization during the study period (by hospital types) Functional form: Count Measurement: Medical records
Time frame: 48 weeks
Medical expenditure
Definition: Expenditure related to healthcare Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Medical records + additional indirect expenditures recalled from questions
Time frame: 48 weeks
Quality of life (by EQ-5D-5L)
Definition: General self-rated health status Functional form: Continuous Measurement: EQ-5D instrument
Time frame: 48 weeks
Blood pressure
Definition: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Omron portable automated sphygmomanometers
Time frame: 48 weeks
Waist circumference
Definition: Waist circumference (cm) Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Soft tape measure
Time frame: 48 weeks
Blood Glucose
Definition: glucose level in plasma Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Blood glucose meters
Time frame: 48 weeks
Body mass index
Definition: Body mass divided by the square of the body height (kg/m2) Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Calculation
Time frame: 48 weeks
Smoking Status
Definition: Do you currently smoke? Functional form: Binary/Continuous Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Smoking Amount
Definition: If so, how many cigarettes do you smoke per day Functional form: Count Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Alcohol
Definition: Frequency of alcohol consumption in the past 3 months Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Sugared consumption
Definition: Habit of sugared drink consumption Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Fresh Vegetable Consumption
Definition: Habit of fresh vegetables consumption Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Salted Vegetable Consumption
Definition: Habit of salted vegetable consumption Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Physical exercise
Definition: Types of physical exercise in a typical week Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Productivity Loss
Definition: the effect of your health problems on your ability to work and perform regular activities Functional form: Continuous Measurement: Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health V2.0 (WPAI:GH)
Time frame: 48 weeks
Household consumption expenditures
Definition: Total household annual expenditure Functional form: Continuous Measurement: A comprehensive spectrum of expenditure categories answered by household proxy respondent
Time frame: 48 weeks
Working status
Definition: Main occupation and type Functional form: Categorical Measurement: Recall question answered by individual
Time frame: 48 weeks
Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire Score
The overall evaluation of SGRQ score
Time frame: 48 weeks
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