Effects of Esketamine on Consciousness-related Brain Network Characteristics in Patients With Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness

Patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness: Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 - 65 years old, native Chinese speaker, dextromanual; * Chronic disorder of consciousness; * Spinal cord electrical stimulator implantation under general anesthesia; * Signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Continuous sedation was administered within 72 hours prior to the study; * Open head injury, parenchymal resection and other damage of brain structural integrity; * The intracranial compliance decreased due to hydrocephalus and swelling; * Known hearing impairment; * Airway stenosis and various causes of severe ventilation or ventilation dysfunction; * Known or suspected severe cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal dysfunction; * History of drug allergy to esketamine; * Associated with other mental or neurological diseases; * Other reasons are not suitable to participate in this study. Healthy brain volunteers: Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18 - 65 years old; * Patients undergoing surgical treatment under elective general anaesthesia; * American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I-II; * Native Chinese speaker; * Dextromanual; * Signed informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Previous history of craniocerebral disease, imaging suggests organic brain lesions; * People with uncontrolled hypertension, hyperthyroidism, elevated intracranial pressure, epileptic seizures; * History of drug allergy to esketamine; * Hearing abnormality; * History of drug and alcohol abuse; * People with mental and behavioral disorders.