According to the statistical data of the Ministry of Health for the year 2021 in Türkiye, approximately 4.7 million surgical interventions are performed annually. According to the 2017 data from the National Health Service-Associated Infections Surveillance Network, the Surgical Site Infection (SSI) rate in our country is 0.72%, and it is stated that it can be prevented by approximately 60%. Dressing application holds an important place in surgical wound management, wound healing, and preventing complications. Patients may experience pain, anxiety, and fear due to unknown factors and previous experiences during the dressing change which holds an important place in wound care management. The aim is to minimize patients\' negative emotions/situations during dressing changes by diverting their attention elsewhere using virtual reality (VR) glasses and stress balls. Upon reviewing the literature, no study was found that examines the effect of applying VR glasses and stress balls during abdominal surgery dressing changes on pain, vital signs, anxiety, fear, comfort, and satisfaction levels in adults. In this regard, the aim of the research is; to examine the effects of VR glasses and stress ball application on pain, vital signs, anxiety, fear, comfort, and satisfaction levels during dressing changes in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The study was designed as a pre-test post-test control group randomized experimental model. The sample of the study consists of adult patients who underwent abdominal surgery in Isparta City Hospital General Surgery Service-1. In the study sample, 120 individuals were included in total 40 with VR glasses, 40 individuals using stress balls, and 40 in the control group. Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Scale will be used in data collection. Data from the study will be analyzed with number, percent, average, x-square, variance, and t-test in a computer environment. In consideration of the data, it is believed that important findings will be obtained in increasing satisfaction and comfort by eliminating pain, anxiety, and fear during dressing changes in patients.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
120
Apart from the routine clinic procedure, VR video scenes (contain nature views) will be watched for 5-10 minutes during the procedure.
Apart from the routine clinic procedure, it will be asked squeezing the stress ball for about 5-10 minutes (squeezing it once every time he counts to five)during the procedure.
Patient Information Form
This form created by researchers, consists of a total of 14 questions. These questions include patients' age, gender, education level, marital status, employment status, income level, chronic disease status, history of previous surgeries, reason for hospital admission, knowledge about colonoscopy, preference for the current method if another colonoscopy is required, and inquiry about the use of additional sedation and painkillers during the procedure.
Time frame: Pre-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure.
Visual Analog Scale (Visual Analog Skala-VAS)
The scale is a valid tool for measuring psychological and health variables such as pain and satisfaction, which are commonly used in clinical studies. It is a scale where the distance between two ends, with a minimum value of 0 at one end and a maximum value of 10 at the other end, is measured with a 10 cm ruler. (Price, 1983). The scale will be used to determine the pain, fear, satisfaction, and comfort levels of patients who underwent abdominal surgery during dressing changes. In this regard: It is explained to the patient that there are two extreme points and he is free to mark any place between these points that is convenient for him. The interval between the beginning of "No pain, fear, satisfaction, and comfort" and the point marked by the patient is measured and recorded in centimeters.
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure
State Anxiety Inventory (In State-Trait Anxiety Inventory)
The scale is a valid and reliable scale adapted to Turkish. State anxiety inventory consists of two different scales including 40 items that individuals may use to express their emotions. The first twenty of these items, the state anxiety inventory determines persons' worry tendency due to individual characteristics. Statements in the scale are presented in the form of direct and inverted expressions. The scale was scored by giving four options for each statement. Spielberger and his colleagues state that scores ranging from 0 to 19 indicate no anxiety, 20 to 39 indicate mild anxiety, 40 to 59 indicate moderate anxiety, and scores of 60-79 indicate severe anxiety, also individuals with a score of 60 and above require professional help. This scale will be used to determine the state anxiety status of patients who underwent abdominal surgery in this study.
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure.
Trait Anxiety Inventory (In State-Trait Anxiety Inventory)
The scale is a valid and reliable scale adapted to Turkish. State-trait anxiety inventory consists of two different scales including 40 items that individuals may use to express their emotions. The items from 21 to 40 on the scale, trait anxiety inventory, were prepared to determine anxiety felt by the individual due to stressful situations. Similarly, each statement has been scored with four options.Points obtained from both scales range between 20 and 80. Spielberger and his colleagues state that scores ranging from 0 to 19 indicate no anxiety, 20 to 39 indicate mild anxiety, 40 to 59 indicate moderate anxiety, and scores of 60-79 indicate severe anxiety, also individuals with a score of 60 and above require professional help. This scale will be used to determine the trait anxiety status of patients who underwent abdominal surgery in this study.
Time frame: Pre-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure.
Vital signs-pulse
Patients' pulse levels
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure
Vital signs-systolic blood pressure
Patients' systolic blood pressure levels
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure
Vital signs-diastolic blood pressure
Patients' diastolic blood pressure levels
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure
Vital signs-fever
Patients' fever levels
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure
Vital signs-respiratory rate
Patients' respiratory rate levels
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure
Vital signs-oxygen saturation
Patients' oxygen saturation levels
Time frame: Pre-test and post-test data will be collected from all three groups 10-15 minutes before the procedure
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