The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting falls in patients with COPD.
The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting falls in patients with COPD. In accordance with the purposes, at least 100 patients with COPD who are 45-80 years old and clinically stable for four weeks will be included. Tests and questionnaires will be used in order to determine the severity of disease. Lung function test and respiratory muscle strength will be performed. Six Minute Walk Test and Six Minute Pegboard and Ring test will be performed with an armband that measures energy expenditure for functional exercise capacity for functional exercise capacity. To evaluate posture, the Corbin Postural Assessment Scale will be used. Hand grip test, periphreal muscle strength test, Time up and go test and One minute sit to stand test will be performed. International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form (IPAQ) will be used to determine physical activity level. Mini- Besttest and Activity-specific Balance Confidence Scale were used to determine fall risk. According to the results to be obtained factors affecting falls will be determined in patients with COPD. It will guide professional working in this field.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
100
Hacettepe University
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Balance and Fall risk
Time up and go test will be used to assess balance and fall risk. The cut off point will be determined as 12 second for patients with COPD.
Time frame: 1 day
Balance and Fall risk-The Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest)
It will be used to evaluate individuals' static and dynamic balance. It consists of four sub-parameters: preparatory movements, reactive postural control, sensory orientation, and dynamic gait, with a total of four items. The test, which takes an average of 10-15 minutes to complete, is evaluated out of a total of 28 points. A higher score indicates higher function. This test is valid and reliable in patients with COPD.
Time frame: 1 day
Balance and Fall risk- The Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC scale)
It will be used to evaluate fall risk. A validity and reliability study has been conducted in Turkish. This scale assesses balance confidence based on functional status with 16 task-specific questions. Each question is scored between 0% (no confidence) and 100% (full confidence), and a higher total score indicates higher confidence. Scores below 67% indicate fall risk in elderly individuals. It is valid and reliable for determining fall risk in individuals with COPD.
Time frame: 1 day
Functional exercise capacity
Functional exercise capacity will be determined via Six Minute Walk Test.
Time frame: 1 day
Respiratory Muscle Strength
Respiratory muscle strength will be assessed via a using a mouth pressure device according to American Thoracic Society/ European Respiratory Society guidelines.
Time frame: 1 day
Posture
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Posture will be examined via the Corbin Postural Assessment Scale. The total points of the Corbin Postural Assessment Scale range from 0 to 28 points. A higher point represents worse posture.
Time frame: 1 day
Dyspnea
The Modified Medical Research Council will be used for patients with COPD. The Modified Medical Research Council consist of five grades. A higher grades represents severe dyspnea level.
Time frame: 1 day
Symptoms
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test will be used to determine symptoms. The total score of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test changes from 0 to 40 points, and 10 points is the accepted cut-off point for COPD.
Time frame: 1 day
Severity of disease
Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary ABE assessment Tool will be used for severity of disease. According to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, the severity of airflow limitation (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s) was determined as mild (≥ 80%), moderate (50-80%), severe (30-50%), and very severe (\<30%). According to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary A,B,E assessment Tool, patients classified group A, B, and E using symptom status and airflow limitation.
Time frame: 1 day
Peripheral muscle strength
Peripheral muscle strength will be assessed via hand dynamometer.
Time frame: 1 day
Lower extremity capacity
One minute sit to stand test will be used for lower extremity capacity.
Time frame: 1 day
Hand grip test
Hand grip will be evaluated via hand dynamometer.
Time frame: 1 day
Energy expenditure
An armband will be used to assess energy expenditure during six minute walk test and six minute pegboard and ring test.
Time frame: 1 day
Physical activity
Individuals' physical activity levels will be assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form. The questionnaire, developed by Craig et al. (2003), has been validated and tested for reliability in Turkish by Öztürk et al. (2005). In the assessment of activities, each activity must be performed for at least 10 minutes at a time. The IPAQ short form provides information about time spent sitting, walking, in moderate-intensity activities, and in vigorous-intensity activities. A score is obtained by multiplying the duration in minutes, the number of days, and the MET (metabolic equivalent) value, resulting in a "MET-minutes/week" score. According to the scoring system, the intensity of physical activity is classified as low if the score is less than 600 MET-minutes/week, moderate if between 600 and 3000, and high if more than 3000.
Time frame: 1 day
Upper Extremity Functional Capacity
Upper extremity functional capacity will be assessed by six minute pegboard and ring test in patients with COPD
Time frame: 1 day
Bode index
It will be used to assess the risk of mortality due to COPD. This assessment includes body mass index (BMI), airway obstruction (FEV1 % predicted), dyspnea (mMRC dyspnea score), and exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance) in this index. BMI \>21 is scored as 0, and ≤21 is scored as 1. Airway obstruction reflected by FEV1 (% predicted) is scored as follows: ≥65 is 0, 50-64 is 1, 36-49 is 2, and ≤35 is 3. The degree of dyspnea according to the mMRC scale is scored as follows: mMRC scores 0-1 are 0 in the BODE index, 2 is 1, 3 is 2, and 4 is 3. Finally, for exercise capacity, a 6MWD ≥350m is scored as 0, 250-349m is 1, 150-249m is 2, and ≤149m is 3 in the BODE index. The total score is determined by summing the individual scores. The BODE index can predict not only mortality but also the risk of hospitalization.
Time frame: 1 day