The goal of this clinical trial is to examine the effects of mirror therapy combined with task- vs. Impairment-oriented rehabilitation programs as novel hybrid approaches in individuals with stroke. Participants will receive mirror therapy combined with the task-oriented rehabilitation program (MTT), mirror therapy combined with the impairment-oriented rehabilitation program (MTI), or task-oriented rehabilitation program combined with the impairment-oriented rehabilitation program (TI) 90 minutes per day, three days per week, for six weeks.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
123
In mirror therapy, a wooden mirror (41×50×33 cm3) will be positioned in the participant's sagittal midplane, blocking the participant's view of the affected arm performance. We will also provide a foldable bed tray table to ensure that the participants focus on the mirror reflection of the less affected arm. The mirror therapy will consist of movement and functional practices.
The task-oriented approach will provide both bimanual common-goal and dual-goal tasks for the participants.
The impairment-oriented approach will focus on the movement components. Arm BASIS or Arm Ability training will be provided based on the severity of the participant's impairment.
Fugl-Meyer Assessment
A standardized tool for evaluating motor impairment for stroke
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment
A standardized tool for evaluating sensory impairment for stroke
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory
An assessment for bilateral functional abilities
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Wolf Motor Function Test
An assessment for both unilateral and bilateral functional abilities
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Grip and pinch power
The measurements of the strength of hand movements
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Box and block test
A measurement for evaluating functional hand use by measuring the number of blocks moved within a set time
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Ten-meter walk test
A test for measuring walking speed and stride length over a fixed distance to assess mobility and functional status
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Berg Balance Scale
A measurement for evaluating balance abilities through a series of functional tasks
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Motor Activity Log
A self-report tool used to assess the amount and quality of use of an affected limb during daily activities
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
ABILHAND Questionnaire
A self-reported assessment tool used to measure manual ability by evaluating their perceived difficulty in performing bimanual tasks
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Functional independent measure
An assessment tool that evaluates a person's level of disability and functional independence in performing daily activities, covering areas such as self-care, mobility, communication, and social cognition
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale
An assessment tool designed to measure a person's ability to perform daily activities
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Stoke Impact Scale
A comprehensive self-reported questionnaire that assesses the impact of a stroke on life
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire
A tool used to evaluate a stroke survivor's confidence to perform daily activities
Time frame: Baseline, six weeks, and 3 months after completing the intervention
Stroke-Specific Measure of Adherence to Home-based Exercises
A questionnaire designed to assess how consistently stroke participations follow prescribed home programs
Time frame: Six weeks
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