The Relationship Between Pes Planus, Diaphragm, Postural Control, and Plantar Pressure

Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University34 enrolled

Overview

Our primary aim is to compare diaphragm function (resting thickness, activity/resting thickness ratio indicating contractility), postural control, and plantar pressure between individuals with pes planus and healthy controls without pes planus.

Pes planus deformity, by causing pronation during standing, affects the biomechanics of the lower extremities. Improper foot positioning can lead to changes in load distribution under the sole, and consequently, abnormal tensions in the soft tissues of the feet can spread to the upper body parts through the myofascial system. In light of all this information, our primary aim is to examine the diaphragm function and thickness in individuals with pes planus deformity and healthy individuals, and to investigate the relationship between diaphragm thickness and balance. Additionally, our secondary aim is to evaluate the relationship between pes planus, diaphragm thickness, and balance.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

NON_RANDOMIZED

Purpose

DIAGNOSTIC

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Pes Planus Diaphragm Issues Plantar Pressure Postural Control

Interventions

Determination of Foot Deformity LevelDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

One of the methods used in our study to determine the presence and degree of pes planus is the navicular drop test.

Foot Function IndexDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

Evaluation of Foot Function

UFAA-International Physical Activity QuestionnaireDIAGNOSTIC_TEST

To determination of physical activity level.

Eligibility

Sex: ALLMin age: 18 YearsMax age: 30 YearsHealthy volunteers:

Medical Language ↔ Plain English

Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria for individuals with Pes Planus Deformity * Willing to participate in the study voluntarily * Having a Navicular drop test value of 10mm or above * Being between the ages of 18-30 * Having the physical capacity to perform assessments and tests * Having a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m² Exclusion Criteria: * Exclusion criteria for individuals with Pes Planus Deformity: * Termination of voluntariness * Those with rigid flatfoot, pes cavus, hallux valgus, hallux rigidus, or calcaneal spur deformity * Those with chronic systematic and metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.) and musculoskeletal problems (e.g., pes planus) that may affect foot functions and gait * Those with any surgical history likely to affect balance, lower extremity strength, and postural control * Those with any visual/vestibular, musculoskeletal, or neurological problems" Inclusion criteria for healthy participants: * Willing to participate in the study voluntarily * Being between the ages of 18-30 * Having the physical capacity to perform assessments and tests * Having a body mass index of 18-25 kg/m² * Having the ideal height of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot (not having pes planus) Exclusion criteria for healthy participants: * Termination of voluntariness * Those with chronic systematic and metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.) and musculoskeletal problems (e.g., pes planus) that may affect foot functions and gait * Those with any surgical history likely to affect balance, lower extremity strength, and postural control * Those with any visual/vestibular, musculoskeletal, or neurological problems"

Locations (1)

Alanyaaku

Antalya, Alanya, Turkey (Türkiye)

RECRUITING

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Navicular Drop Test

One of the methods used in our study to determine the presence and degree of pes planus is the navicular drop test. If the navicular height difference is between 6-9 mm, it is considered normal MLA, and if it is 10 mm or more, it is considered pes planus.

Time frame: The evaluation will be conducted once and will be completed within 12 months.

Foot Function Index

The Foot Function Index consists of 3 subscales: pain, disability and activity limitation. The pain subscale, consisting of nine items, measures the level of foot pain in various situations, while the disability subscale determines the degree of difficulty in performing various functional activities due to foot problems. The five-item activity limitation subscale assesses limitations in activities due to foot problems. Individuals score all items using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), taking into account their foot condition one week ago. To calculate subscale and total scores, the score for each item is summed, divided by the sum of the maximum scores of the items and multiplied by 100. Higher scores indicate more pain, disability and activity limitation.

Time frame: The evaluation will be conducted once and will be completed within 12 months.

UFAA-International Physical Activity Questionnaire

In our study, the self-administered short form of the questionnaire, which includes the "last seven days", will be used to assess physical activity level. Minutes, days and METs (multiples of resting oxygen consumption) are multiplied to obtain a score as "MET-minutes/week". Physical activity levels are classified as physically inactive (\<600 MET-min/week), low physical activity (600 - 3000 MET-min/week) and adequate physical activity (\>3000 MET-min/week). In the calculation of energy expenditure for physical activities, the weekly duration (minutes) of each activity is multiplied by the MET energy values created for the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Thus, energy expenditures for vigorous, moderate, walking, sitting and total physical activities for each individual are obtained in MET-min/week.

Time frame: TThe evaluation will be conducted once and will be completed within 12 months.

Data from ClinicalTrials.gov

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