The goal of this small-scale implementation research pilot study is to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the co-administration of ivermectin (IVM) and albendazole (ALB) compared to albendazole alone during school-based mass drug administration in Uganda. The study will target up to 10,000 school-aged children from 20 schools in Kabale and Kisoro districts in South-Western Uganda. The main questions it aims to answer are: * How feasible is the introduction of co-administered IVM plus ALB in the routine school-based deworming campaign in terms of training, material and processes? * How well do beneficiary communities (pupils, parents) and implementers (teachers, health workers) accept the new treatment scheme and what are potential barriers and enablers for uptake? * What are common implementation-related costs that can inform the methodology to estimate monetary and non-monetary costs as well as performance of the two treatment arms for the future cost-effectiveness analysis? The study employs a cross-sectional mixed-method design (we will collect qualitative and quantitative data) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of co-administering IVM and ALB versus ALB alone in routine school-based mass drug administration. Assessments will take place during and after the drug distribution to document the implementation process and evaluate experiences made by the different stakeholders (e.g. children, parents, teachers, health workers): * The implementation activities start with a training of all implementers at district level who will also undergo a pre- and post-training knowledge assessment. * Schoolchildren aged 5-14 years will receive a single dose of ALB alone or co-administered ALb (400mg) and IVM (200µg/kg; as determined by height category on a dose pole) by health workers at school. 1-2 weeks post-distribution a subsample of 19 children per school will be invited to answer to questionnaires administered by social science researchers. * Implementers will administer the treatments and document all distribution-related aspects during the campaign under supervision of the routine staff. Researchers will conduct additional monitoring and evaluation in order to assure data quality and provide support in performance assessment and cost evaluation. * Beneficiaries (parents) and implementers will be asked to take part in focus group discussions and questionnaire interviews one week after the drug distribution.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
8,767
Single oral dose of Albendazole 400mg tablet
Generic ivermectin 3mg tablets given as a single oral dose of 200ug/kg using a dose-pole (height categories: 90-119 cm: 1 tablet , 120-140 cm: 2 tablets, 141-158 cm: 3 tablets or \> 158 cm: 4 tablets)
Makerere University, College of Humanities and Social Sciences
Kampala, Uganda
Vector Borne & Neglected Tropical Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health
Kampala, Uganda
Feasibility of IVM + ALB introduction
Feasibility will be assessed using quantitative and qualitative data sources for the following performance and process indicators: * Reported therapeutic coverage (proportion) * Programme reach (proportion) * Compliance rate (children that ingested drugs divided by the total number of children who got offered the drugs) * Reasons for not offering the drugs (non-eligibility) * Reasons for not swallowing the drugs (refusal) * Reported safety: Number, type and severity of adverse events recorded * Incremental time needs for IVM-ALB co-administration * Additional training needs * Incremental staff needs * Drug logistics (tablet balance) Short and structured training evaluation questionnaires will be administered to teachers and health workers directly after training and cover aspects on (i) drug dosing including dose-pole utilization, (ii) identification of non-eligible populations, (iii) documentation processes and (iv) drug information (including safety)
Time frame: Documentation before, during and up to 12 weeks after the drug distribution
Acceptability and barriers & enablers to introduction of IVM-ALB co-administration (recipient perspective)
Qualitative data on acceptability of the intervention from a recipient perspective (parents) will be collected trough FGDs that will cover: * Current knowledge about STHs: transmission, health impact, prevention and treatment * Prior knowledge of MDA activities and related experiences * Potential enabling factors for willingness of parents to let their children participate in MDA * Potential barriers for acceptance of parents for their child's participation in MDA Quantitative data on acceptability of the intervention from a recipient perspective (schoolchildren) will be collected through structured interviews using Likert scale questions (5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree) and cover aspects on: * Attitudes towards treatment * Convenience of taking the treatment * Self-reported willingness and understanding for need of treatment * Self-reported satisfaction with the treatment and procedures of the campaign
Time frame: 1-2 weeks after drug distribution
Potential incremental costs related to IVM-ALB co-administration
The following cost components related to the activities required to implement the interventions will be included in the analysis: * Medicine Procurement and Distribution: Costs associated with purchasing and distributing albendazole and ivermectin. * Stationary and Supplies: Costs related to necessary materials for documentation and record-keeping. * Transport: Costs involved in transporting medicines and supplies to the designated MDA locations. * Allowances: Allowances provided to personnel involved in the implementation. * Training Costs: Expenses associated with training personnel on the co-administration protocol. * Personnel Time: Costs of personnel time dedicated to delivering interventions.
Time frame: Documentation before, during and up to 12 weeks after the drug distribution
Acceptability and barriers & enablers to introduction of IVM-ALB co-administration (provider perspective)
Qualitative data on acceptability of the intervention from a provider perspective (teachers and health workers) will be collected trough FGDs and KIIs and will cover: * Current knowledge about STHs: transmission, health impact, prevention and treatment * Prior involvement in any MDA activities and related experiences * Post-distribution training evaluation * Potential enabling factors for willingness and barriers for acceptance of parents to let their children participate in MDA Quantitative data on acceptability of the intervention from a provider perspective will be collected through structured interviews using Likert scale questions (5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree) and cover: * Attitudes towards treatment * Convenience of distributing the treatment and satisfaction with training * Observed willingness and understanding for need of treatment * Observed satisfaction with the treatment and procedures of the campaign
Time frame: 1-2 weeks after drug distribution
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