Single Stage Versus Multiple Staged Repair of Nasal & Alveolar Deformities in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate

Overview

Cleft lip and palate patients are commonly seen among maxillofacial patients. Patients with cleft lip and palate have evident cosmetic nasal deformities. The interrupted insertion of orbicularis oris muscle into the columella on the noncleft side forces the premaxilla, columella and caudal nasal septum towards that side. At the same time, as the orbicularis oris inserts into the alar base on the cleft side, the base is pulled laterally, inferiorly and posteriorly. The malformed lower lateral cartilage on the side of the cleft contributes majorly to the deformity of the nasal tip, causing it to be more blunt. A shorter medial crus and longer lateral crus on the cleft side results in a horizontally wider and displaced nostril on the cleft side. In addition, those patients have alveolar bone defect which results in both cosmetic and dental problems. Repair of the deformed nose along with the reconstruction of the alveolar defect may have an advantage over the staged repair in:- decrease the surgical burden on the patient , correction of the facial asymmetry by redeeming the maxillary bony support , peri-alar augmentation and accordingly obtaining faster and better socio-cosmetic benefit .

Patients are assigned randomly into two groups; group (1) for combined rhinoplasty and alveolar repair , and group (2) for alveolar repair alone and a planned rhinoplasty in an upcoming session . Pre-operative evaluation: History taking: Personal history; name, age, gender and occupation . Patient's complaint(s); as dental problems related to cleft alveolus and both cosmetic and obstructive problems related to nasal deformities . Clinical examination : Dental assessment and assessment of the nose according to the Final Standardized Cosmesis and Health Nasal Outcomes Survey (SCHNOS criteria) : 1. Having a blocked or obstructed nose 2. Getting air through my nose during exercise 3. Having a congested nose 4. Breathing through my nose during sleep 5. Decreased mood and self-esteem due to my nose 6. The shape of my nasal tip 7. The straightness of my nose 8. The shape of my nose from the side 9. How well my nose suits my face 10. The overall symmetry of my nose Radiological evaluation: Computed Tomography (CT) scan of maxillofacial bones . Laboratory investigations: Blood picture, coagulation profile, kidney and liver function tests . Photogrammetric evaluation Standard facial photographs of the basal view taken before and after operation will be used to evaluate the results. The photos will evaluate : alar base , nasal tip and nasolabial angle . Operative procedures: will be carried out by the same team, under general anesthesia, nasotracheal intubation and supine position. * Group (1) : Correction of nasal deformity will be carried out according to the pattern of deformity and the complaint of the patient as : cartilage strut for septal support and columellar lengthening , repositioning the alar bases or reconstructing the nasal muscular ring . A concomitant iliac bone graft is taken to reconstruct the alveolar bone . * Group (2) : Patients will have their alveolus repaired . Bone grafting will be done . Another session will be prepared after 6 months for the rhinoplasty session . The same technique regarding iliac bone graft will be done for those patients . Post-operative : Patients will be counselled for wound care , oral hygiene and medications as : Antibiotics , analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs . Functional and cosmetic outcomes will be assessed 6 months postoperatively .