Avoiding Risks of Thrombosis and bleeding in Surgery (ARTS) trial is a pragmatic, international, multicenter, randomized controlled open label trial comparing a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) - oral factor Xa inhibitor apixaban - to no anticoagulant among 5,436 patients undergoing abdominal or pelvic surgery at sufficiently similar (and not high) risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and bleeding that the net impact - benefit or harm - of thromboprophylaxis remains in doubt.
Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism - collectively known as venous thromboembolism VTE - and major bleeding are serious surgical complications leading to poorer patient-reported quality of life and mortality. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis is an established strategy for reducing VTE risk but balancing it with increased bleeding, particularly after major surgery, poses challenges. Guidelines typically recommend pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for patients at higher, but not lower risk of VTE, without clearly defining procedure or patient selection. There is particular uncertainty regarding the balance of potential benefits and harms of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis in patients who are at a lower estimated risk of VTE postoperatively, in patients with a baseline VTE risk in the range of 2%. In these patients, the risk of major bleeding may be similar to or could potentially outweigh the relatively lower risk of VTE complications, such that the net clinical benefit of routine pharmacological thromboprophylaxis remains unclear. "Avoiding Risks of Thrombosis and Bleeding in Surgery (ARTS)" is a large, randomized, multicenter study, comparing a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) called apixaban in patients undergoing abdominal and pelvic surgeries. Half of the 5436 patients will be randomized to receive apixaban after surgery for 28 days with standard of care mechanical prophylaxis - to a control group with no anticoagulation but with standard of care mechanical prophylaxis. ARTS trial will be the first to compare anticoagulation with DOACs (apixaban) versus no anticoagulation in a population of urologic, gynecologic and abdominal surgical patients. Any of the possible outcomes of 1) A clear net benefit in favor of apixaban or 2) A clear net benefit to not using prophylaxis or 3) a sufficiently close tradeoff that predictive factors and patients' values and preferences regarding bleeding versus thrombosis determines the decision, will substantially enhance evidence-based peri-operative care.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
5,436
To evaluate the benefits and risks of thromboprophylaxis with oral factor Xa inhibitor Apixaban compared to No anticoagulation
Helsinki University Hospital
Helsinki, Finland
RECRUITINGIncidence composite outcome of venous thromboembolism (VTE)
Defined as symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or symptomatic non-fatal or fatal pulmonary embolism (PE)
Time frame: 90 days
Incidence of symptomatic DVT
Defined as symptomatic deep vein thrombosis
Time frame: 90 days
Incidence of symptomatic PE
Defined as symptomatic non-fatal of fatal pulmonary embolism (PE)
Time frame: 90 days
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