The purpose of this study is to access the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on postoperative pain in patients undergoing pancreatectomy
Patients who meet the enrollment criteria will be randomized 1:1 to either the transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) or the sham groups. In the TEAS group, the acupoints are bilateral neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (L14) and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints. The treatment will consist of two phases: a 30-minute stimulation administered 30 minutes before anesthesia induction, and a 30-minute stimulation session once daily on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. The stimulation intensity will be adjusted in accordance with the maximal level tolerated by each patient. Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
132
Patients in the TEAS group, the acupoints are bilateral neiguan (PC6), Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (L14) and Waiguan (SJ5) acupoints. The treatment will consist of two phases: a 30-minute stimulation administered 30 minutes before anesthesia induction, and a 30-minute stimulation session once daily on postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. The stimulation intensity will be adjusted in accordance with the maximal level tolerated by each patient. Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation.
Patients in the sham group will receive electrode attachment but without stimulation.
highest NRS pain score for movement-evoked pain (defined as deep breathing or forced coughing three times) during 72 hours postoperatively.
The pain is evaluated using numerical rating scale(NRS). NRS scores range from 0 to 10 points, with 0 points representing no pain, and 10 points representing the strongest pain.
Time frame: Up to 72 hours postoperatively
the highest NRS pain score at rest during 72 h postoperatively
The pain is evaluated using numerical rating scale(NRS). NRS scores range from 0 to 10 points, with 0 points representing no pain, and 10 points representing the strongest pain.
Time frame: Up to 72 hours postoperatively
The cumulative morphine consumption at 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively.
Postoperative opioid use is reported as morphine milligram equivalents, calculated using the Practical Pain Management calculator
Time frame: Up to 72 hours postoperatively
The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting during the first 24,48,72 hours.
We considered it PONV if patients felt any nausea or had any vomiting.
Time frame: Up to 72 hours postoperatively
The incidence of a composite of postoperative pulmonary complications during hospitalization.
Defined as positive if any component developed before discharge after surgery; These complications included respiratory infection, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, bronchospasm, or aspiration pneumonitis loading dose, during hospitalization after surgery.
Time frame: Up to 7 days postoperatively
Quality of Recovery Scale Score at 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
The global QoR-15 score ranges from 0 to 150 and is categorized as five quality of recovery dimensions, including physical comfort (5 items), emotional state (4 items), psychological support (2 items), physical independence (2 items), and pain (2 items). Each piece is graded using an 11-point Likert scale. The QoR is classified according to the QoR-15 score as excellent (QoR-15 \> 135), good (122 ≤ QoR-15 ≤ 135), moderate (90 ≤ QoR-15 ≤ 121) and poor (QoR-15 \< 90).
Time frame: Up to 3 days postoperatively
The postoperative sleep quality score
Postoperative sleep quality was evaluated using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The AIS consists of 8 items: waking up at night, sleep induction, final awakening, total sleep duration, sleep quality, well-being, functional ability, and daytime sleepiness. The AIS score ranges from 0 to 24 points, and a total score of 6 points or higher indicates a diagnosis of insomnia
Time frame: Up to 3 days postoperatively
The plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), beta-endorphin, serotonin (5-HT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days
Peripheral blood C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), beta-endorphin, serotonin (5-HT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are measured at the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative
Time frame: Up to 5 days postoperatively]