The objective of this study was to compare the effects of training between high-intensity interval training and moderate continuous exercise training on the pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis, cytokines, and oxidative stress in patients with allergic rhinitis.
36 patients with allergic rhinitis were divided into 3 groups, 12 people per group: the control group (CON), the group with high-intensity interval training at a ratio of 1:2 (HIIT) and the group with moderate continuous training (MCT), 3 days per week, over a total period of 12 weeks. Before and after the experiment, lung function, respiratory muscle strength, allergic rhinitis symptoms, nasal blood flow rate, peak nasal inspiratory flow, nitric oxide levels, cytokines and quality of life were measured and used for statistical analysis.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
36
The participants performed HIIT programs for 12 weeks involving walking/running on a treadmill preceded by a 10-min warm-up at low intensity and exercise with high intensity for 1 min at 85%-90% of the maximum heart rate alternating with low intensity at 50%-55% of the maximum heart rate for 2 min, for 24 minutes, and 10-min cool down.
Subject participating in 30-min sessions for 12 weeks and Each session consisted of a 10-min warm up, walking/running on a treadmill 30 minutes at 65-70% Maximum Heart rate and 10-min cool down.
The control group had normal daily life.
Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University
Pathum Wan, Bangkok, Thailand
Rhinitis symptom scores
Nasal symptoms were assessed using Total Nasal Symptom Score (TNSS) questionnaire. The subjects were asked to score symptoms of persistent allergic rhinitis before and after yoga training protocol. The total nasal symptom scores were computed as the sum of four individual nasal symptom scores; nasal congestion, itching, sneezing, and rhinorrhea. The scores ranged from 0 to 3 scale (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3= severe)
Time frame: Change from Baseline Rhinitis symptom scores at 12 weeks.
Peak nasal inspiratory flow
The subjects placed a mask, which is turned onto a plastic cylinder through which the air passes during inspiration, over the nose and mouth and inspired forcefully through the nose, with lips tightly closed. Inside the cylinder, there is a diaphragm that moves to the airflow, and the maximum peak flow is registered in a scale range from 30-370 L/min. During the procedure, the subjects placed a mask over the nose and mouth and inspired forcefully through the nose, with lips tightly closed.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Peak nasal inspiratory flow scores at 12 weeks.
Nasal blood flow
Laser Doppler flowmetry (DRT4 moor instrument, UK.) was used to measure of the nasal blood flow (NBF). Before the test each subject rested for one hour in a separate room. During the test, they were instructed to breathe normally breathe and not to speak, cough, or move. A lateral endoscopic probe with a flexible nylon sheath 1.34-mm-diameter flexible nylon sheath was placed to the front of the nose.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Nasal blood flow scores at 12 weeks.
Pulmonary Functions
The participants were asked to wear a nose clip while sitting on a chair, and the researcher gave the participants the step-by-step protocol to prevent an incorrect maneuver. For the FVC maneuver, three cycles of slow normal breathing were performed before demonstrating forced inspiration and expiration.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Pulmonary Functions at 12 weeks.
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Respiratory muscle strength
Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) in cmH2O. The participants were in a sitting position using a portable handheld mouth pressure meter (i.e., MicroRPM) with a nose clip. For the MIP measurement, the participants were asked to exhale until they felt no air remaining in their lungs (starting with the functional residual capacity \[FRC\] point), then held the device on their mouth and inhaled forcefully for 1-2 seconds. For the MEP measurement, the participants were asked to inhale until their lungs were completely filled with air (starting with the total lung capacity \[TLC\] point), then they kept the device on their mouth and exhaled forcefully for 1-2 seconds
Time frame: Change from Baseline Respiratory muscle strength at 12 weeks.
Fraction exhaled nitric oxide
Participants inhaled deeply for two to three seconds before exhaling slowly. Normally, it took 10 seconds to exhale.
Time frame: Change from Baseline Fraction exhaled nitric oxide at 12 weeks.
Aerobic capacity
Aerobic capacity variables were measured by determining maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) using the Bruce protocol. The subjects ran on a treadmill. At the beginning of the test, the baseline or resting value was collected for the first 3 minutes. The initial speed was set at step 1 (minutes 0-3) at a speed of 1.7 mph with a 10% incline. The test was incremented every 3 minutes. Step 2 (minutes 4-6) was conducted at a speed of 2.5 mph with a 2% incline. The test continued until the subjects could not run any further. Following this, the subjects were cooled down for 3 minutes. The maximum oxygen uptake was measured in milliliters per kilogram per minute (ml/kg/min).
Time frame: Change from Baseline Aerobic capacity at 12 weeks.
Cytokine in nasal secretion
Nasal secretions collection was performed bilaterally with filter paper strips (7x30 mm Whatman No.42, Whatman, Clifton, NJ). Three filter paper strips were sequentially placed on each anterior portion of the inferior turbinate for 10 min. This filter paper strips were collected into appropriate tubes and centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 5 min at 4 °C and immediately frozen at -70 °C until later analysis.The levels of cytokines were determined by using Sandwich ELISA technique
Time frame: Change from Baseline Cytokine in nasal secretion at 12 weeks.
Rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire - 36; Rcq-36
The quality of life of individuals with allergic rhinitis was assessed using the Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (Rcq-36). The researcher distributed the questionnaire and asked the participants to fill it out themselves.
Time frame: Change from Baseline quality of life at 12 weeks.