The goal of this clinical trial is to demonstrate the effectiveness of non-invasive Neuromodulation as a therapy in neurological, respiratory and musculoskeletal pathologies derived from the consequences of Covid-19. It will also estimate the impact of non-invasive neuromodulation treatment on the functionality and quality of life of patients with COVID-19 sequelae.The main question it aim to answer is: \- Is non-invasive neuromodulation effective as a therapy in neurological, respiratory and musculoskeletal pathologies derived from the consequences of Covid-19. Researchers will compare non-invasive neuromodulation to a placebo (treatment with the machine turned off). Participants will: * Be evaluated before starting treatment. * Be evaluated 3 weeks after. * Be evaluated at 5 weeks, or 15 sessions or completion of treatment. * Be evaluated 6 weeks after finishing the treatment or 11 weeks after starting treatment.
The waves of Sars-Cov-2 disease continue to be continuous and we are increasingly aware of the consequences it causes both in the respiratory system, musculoskeletal system and in the central and peripheral nervous system. Likewise, non-invasive neuromodulation acts with a pump of ions, generating endogenous stimuli that modulate the central nervous system. The aim of this clinical trial is to demonstrate the effectiveness of non-invasive Neuromodulation as a therapy in neurological, respiratory and musculoskeletal pathologies derived from the consequences of Covid-19. To carry out this study, pain was measured with the visual analogue scale. It was also measured the joint amplitude, a muscle assessment with the help of a strength dynamometer, the patient's independence with the Katz index and the functionality of the lower or upper limbs, depending on the affected joint.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
104
In the 4 studies, the intervention consisted of 15 sessions spread over 5 weeks. Each intervention lasted 60 minutes. The intensity will be programmed in all sessions at Low, following the Arndt-Schulz law. The treatment was distributed in 3 phases: phase 1 of preparation, phase 2 to reduce fatigue and phase 3 to enhance autonomic improvement.
Common manual therapy administered for said pathology by traditional physiotherapy and therapeutic exercise.
In the 4 studies, the intervention consisted of 15 sessions spread over 5 weeks. Each intervention lasted 60 minutes. The treatment was carried out with the machine turned off.
Gema León Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Clinic
Córdoba, Andalusia, Spain
ad hoc patient survey
survey of patients about conditions diagnosed during the illness and those they suffer from after infection that are directly related to abnormalities to be assessed.
Time frame: one month
sex, age, vaccination and number of months with symptoms
Nominal variables such as sex, age, vaccination and number of months with symptoms
Time frame: one month
Number of participants with musculoskeletal, respiratory and neurological sequelae of taste and smell after COVID-19
Time frame: three months
SDOQ-NS questionnaire for social impairments due to loss of smell
Assess the quality of life impairments of patients with olfactory dysfunction. In a scale of 0 to 3, with higher scores reflecting better olfactory-specific
Time frame: two months
SF12 Quality of Life Questionnaire
Assesses the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. Scores above 50 indicate a better-than-average health-related quality of life, while scores below 50 suggest below-average health.
Time frame: two months
Brief Smell Identification Test: Assessment of smell.
Assesses the ability to recognize familiar odors. A 12-item questionnaire. For each item, a microcapsule containing a familiar odor is scratched with a pencil and placed under the participant's nose. The total score is the number of odors that are correctly recognized. Missing responses are assigned a partial score of 0.25. If more than 2 responses are missing, the entire test is treated as missing.
Time frame: two months
EuroQoL 5-D scale (validated translation into Spanish) for quality of life.
Quality of life related to health. Questionaire with two parts: 1. Descriptive system (5 items). Minimum value: 1 (absence of dificulties). Maximum value: 3 (plenty of difficulties). Optimal value: 1. 2. Visual analogical scale (EVA). Minimum value: 0 (worst imaginable state of health). Maximum value: 100 (best imaginable state of health). Optimal value: 100.
Time frame: two months
upper limb functional index
It is used to evaluate functional impairment in people with upper extremity musculoskeletal dysfunction. 25 questions assessing the level of difficulty in performing activities of daily living using your upper extremities, including household and work activities, hobbies, lifting a bag of food, washing your scalp, pushing on your hands, driving, etc. Patients respond to each item by circling the number that best describes their level of difficulty.
Time frame: two months
lower limb functional index
Valid patient-rated outcome measure to measure lower extremity function. The lower the score the greater the disability. The minimal detectable change is 9 scale points.
Time frame: two months
Visual analogue scale (VAS), for pain assessment
Intensity of pain. Minimum value: 0 (absence of pain). Maximum value: 10 (unbearable pain). Optimal value: 0.
Time frame: two months
Sensory assessment for pain and light touch
The sensory exam involves evaluation of pain and light touch. Test pain using a sharp object. At minimum, test the shoulders, arms and legs, comparing side to side and proximal to distal areas. In any area where the patient complains of sensory loss or hypersensitivity, more detailed testing may be required. For light touch, uses your fingertips or a wisp of cotton, lightly stroke the skin and determine if the patient feels this symmetrically in all areas tested. At minimum, test the shoulders, arms and legs, comparing side to side and proximal to distal areas.
Time frame: two months
Sadoul's dyspnea rating scale.
Respiratory evaluation. Minimum value: 0 (absence of dyspnea). Maximum value: 5 (dyspnea occurs with minimal efforts). Optimal value: 0.
Time frame: two months
measurement of lung function with spirometry and lung volume testing
measurement of lung function with spirometry and lung volume testing (measurement of maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures (Pimax and Pemax, respectively)
Time frame: three months
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