Timing and Resistance Exercise: Impact on Eating and Metabolism

N/ANot Yet RecruitingNCT06549322

National Taiwan Normal University18 enrolled

Overview

Exercise timing (morning or evening) for optimal weight control is a research topic urgently addressed by scholars in the relevant field. Due to the better control of energy metabolism and physical activity levels in the morning, existing research on resistance exercise and eating behavior primarily focuses on experiments conducted in the morning, with only one study in the afternoon. No research has yet compared the potential differences between morning and evening resistance exercise. A one-year study aims to investigate the impact of morning and evening resistance exercise on physiological metabolism and eating behavior. Eighteen healthy male participants will be randomly assigned to a crossover design study, including AM exercise, PM exercise, and control (rest condition) trials. Variables including subjective appetite, appetite hormones (ghrelin, peptide YY), food preferences, ad libitum eating, dietary records, energy expenditure, and PBMCs circadian rhythm genes will be measured. This preliminary study through a multidimensional observation, the results will contribute to understanding the potential differences and mechanisms of morning and evening resistance exercise on physiological metabolism and eating behavior. In practical applications, conducting resistance exercise in the evening or at night aligns better with current lifestyles. The findings of this study can support the optimization of exercise benefits by validating the choice of exercise timing.

Study Type

INTERVENTIONAL

Allocation

RANDOMIZED

Purpose

TREATMENT

Masking

NONE

Enrollment

Conditions

Circadian Rhythm

Interventions

The exercise in morningOTHER

Resistance exercises are in the following order: squat, bench press, deadlift. Each exercise consists of 3 sets with 7 repetitions, using a load of 70% 1RM with 60 sec of rest between sets. Exercise timing: AM 11:00-11:30

The exercise in eveningOTHER

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Subjective appetite Subjective appetite Subjective appetite Subjective appetite Subjective appetite Subjective appetite

The appetite perceptions are obtained through a 0-100 mm visual analog scale. The variables assessed include perceptions of hunger (i.e., "How hungry do you feel?"), satisfaction (i.e., "How satisfied do you feel?"), fullness (i.e., "How full do you feel?"), prospective food consumption (i.e., "How much do you think you can eat?"), and nausea (i.e., "How nauseous do you feel?"), with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely.".

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Change in acyl-Ghrelin

acyl-Ghrelin in pg/mL

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Change in PYY

PYY in pg/mL

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Change in Leptin

Leptin in pg/mL

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Change in lactate

lactate in mmol/L

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Change in PBMCs circadian rhythm genes

Circadian rhythm genes in PBMC will be measured, such as Bmal1, Clock, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Cry3, and Tbp in arbitrary units.

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Energy intake

Participants will be required to record their diet for the day before, the current day, and the day following the experiment. The energy intake include absolute energy intake and relative energy intake .

Time frame: The Before day, the durning day, and the day following the experiment.

Energy expenditure

Participants will record energy expenditure during resistance exercise, with non-exercise energy expenditure measured using an accelerometer.

Time frame: The Before day, the durning day, and the day following the experiment.

Secondary Outcomes

Explicit liking

A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm is utilized to evaluate the question, "How pleasant would it be to taste some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely."

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Explicit wanting

A visual analog scale ranging from 0 to 100 mm is utilized to evaluate the question, "How much do you want some of this food now?" with 0 indicating "not at all" and 100 signifying "extremely."

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Implicit wanting

Participants are given a set of food image pairs and are asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The implicit wanting calculation involves further consideration of response time data based on preference choices using a standardized equation.

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Relative preference

Participants are given a set of food image pairs and are asked to select their preference by answering the question, "Which food do you desire the most at the moment?". The relative preference is the sum of the times each type of food is chosen, with a maximum value of 48 and a minimum value of 0.

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Taste appeal bias

Taste preference (savoury or sweet) is calculated by subtracting the mean savory scores from the mean sweet scores. Positive values suggest a preference for sweet foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between taste categories.

Time frame: 3 hours during each study intervention

Fat appeal bias

Fat preference (high or low) is calculated by subtracting the mean low-fat scores from the mean high-fat scores. Positive values suggest a preference for high-fat foods, while negative scores indicate a preference for low-fat or savory foods, and a score of 0 signifies an equal preference between fat content.

Timing and Resistance Exercise: Impact on Eating and Metabolism

Overview

Conditions

Interventions

Eligibility

Locations (1)

Outcomes

Primary Outcomes

Secondary Outcomes

Central Contacts