The aim of this study will be to compare the effects of Xbox Kinect Sports (XKS) with respect to Nintendo Switch Sports (NSS) and the inactive control group (CG) on body composition (percent body fat and fat-free mass) and physical performance (hand grip strength, HGS; 30 seconds standing in a chair, timed get up and walk, TUG; sit and reach and 2-minute step test) in physically inactive older women. This study will be randomized controlled trial with three parallel groups: XKS (n= 13), NSS (n= 14) and CG (n= 16).
A sealed envelope lottery will be conducted for randomization with a three-arm randomized controlled trial design (XKS, NSS, and CG) with a simple double-blind design (raters and participants). The randomizer's website (https://www.randomizer.org) will be used to carry out the randomization process. The CONSORT guidelines method will be used (Turner et al., 2012). Fifty-two older women initially participated in the intervention. Following previous studies (Hernandez Martínez et al., 2022; Queiroz et al., 2017), the minimum difference needed for significant clinical relevance was a mean difference of 0.60 seconds in TUG, with a standard deviation of 0.20 seconds. An alpha level of 0.05, a power of 85% and an anticipated loss of 20% were considered. The Gpower program (version 3.1.9.6, Franz Faul, Universiät Kiel, Kiel, Germany) was used to calculate the statistical power. The inclusion criteria are as follows: (i) older women, between 60 and 65 years of age; (ii) who did not present cognitive impairment with a score on the Mini-Mental State Examination ≤21 points (Ministerio de Salud, 2013); (iii) who did not present visual difficulty and/or vestibular impairment that would make it difficult to play the games in front of the screen; (iv) who were independent, defined by having at least a score of 43 points on the Chilean Ministry of Health's Preventive Medicine Examination for Older Adults (Ministerio de Salud, 2013); (v) who could meet the attendance requirement of at least 85% of the sessions scheduled for the intervention; (vi) physically inactive who did not meet the international recommendations for moderate (\<150 to 300 minutes) or vigorous (\<75 to 150 minutes) physical activity (Bull et al., 2020); and (vii) physical condition compatible with the practice of physical activity. As for exclusion criteria, the following were taken into account (i) being afflicted with a disability; (ii) suffering from a musculoskeletal injury or receiving physical rehabilitation therapy, which prevents them from performing their usual physical activity; and (iii) being temporarily or permanently unable to perform physical activity. By approving the use of the data for scientific purposes by signing an informed consent form, all participants acknowledged the inclusion criteria for the use and treatment of the data. The protocol was created by the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the scientific ethics committee of the Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile (Approval number: N°29-2022).
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
45
The complexity of the games will increase as the levels of the sports games advance, which leads to faster movements with greater demands to progress in the sequence of the games, which allows reaching increases in intensity.
Community center
Osorno, Los Lagos Region, Chile
RECRUITINGChange from Fat-free mass at 12 weeks
This variable is obtained by body composition (bioimpedance), using eight-electrode tetrapolar bioimpedance (InBody 570®, Body Composition Analyzers, South Korea). For each measurement, the guidelines of the International Society for Advances in Kinanthropometry will be followed (Marfell-Jones et al., 2012).
Time frame: 2 weeks
Change from Body fat percentage at 12 weeks
This variable will be obtained by body composition (bioimpedance), using eight-electrode tetrapolar bioimpedance (InBody 570®, Body Composition Analyzers, South Korea). For each measurement, the guidelines of the International Society for Advances in Kinanthropometry will be followed (Marfell-Jones et al., 2012).
Time frame: 2 weeks
Change from Maximal isometric handgrip strength at 12 weeks
Previous recommendations indicate that maximal isometric handgrip strength (Lupton-Smith et al., 2022), was employed. The best position for testing was found to be sedentary, with the wrist and forearm in a neutral position, the elbow flexed at a 90-degree angle to the side of the body, the spine aligned, and the shoulder in a neutral position. A portable dynamometer (Jamar®, PLUS+, Sammons Preston, Patterson Medical, Warrenville, IL, USA) was used for testing. The dynamometer was placed in the first position, which promotes contact between the first phalanx of the thumb and index finger, to allow a firm grip on the device while preserving proper closure of the metacarpal, palatine, and interphalangeal joints based on hand size. Each participant performed three attempts with each hand after a 120-second rest.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Change from 30-second chair stand test at 12 weeks
The 30-second chair stand test (Bruun et al., 2019), which measures the number of repetitions performed standing and sitting in a chair with arms resting on the chest for 30 seconds, will be used to assess lower limb muscle strength and the ability to perform activities of daily living (Jones et al., 1999). The best of the three efforts will be taken into account for the analysis after three attempts, with a recovery of 120 seconds between them.
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Time frame: 2 weeks
Change from Timed up-and-go test at 12 weeks
The tiemd up-and- go test will be performed according to previous recommendations (Christopher et al., 2021). The individual will be asked to get out of a chair with arm rests, walk down a 3-meter hallway, turn around, and return to the chair. The timed up-and-go is a measure of functional mobility and dynamic balance (Podsiadlo \& Richardson, 1991). They are asked to perform three trials and quickly record the best one. Using single-beam photocells (Brower Timing System, Draper, UT, USA), two evaluators will record the time; a statistical analysis of the three best trials will be performed.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Change from Sit-and-reach test at 12 weeks
Using the sit-and-reach test, flexibility was assessed (Rikli \& Jones, 2013). Subjects sat forward in a chair with a fixed back, one leg bent on the floor and the other left leg straight. Either the left or right leg could be used for comfortable running; however, the post-test measured the same leg as the pre-test. After correcting one position once again, the other bent leg case was assessed for flexibility by running two trials using the highest number to determine the outcome (Lemmink et al., 2003).
Time frame: 2 weeks
Change from 2-minute step test at 12 weeks
Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using the 2-minute step test (Rikli \& Jones, 2013). Participants were asked to stand up straight and the average distance between the kneecap and the pelvic bones was marked on a wall with colored tape. Participants performed steps so that their knees were raised above the marked point and the number of repetitions in 2 minutes was recorded (Rikli \& Jones, 2013).
Time frame: 2 weeks
Age
In years, through an interview and identity card.
Time frame: 1 week
Academic level
Primary, secondary, bachelor, master, PhD. Consulting their curriculum background
Time frame: 1 week
Civil status
Married, separated, widow, single, others. Through an interview
Time frame: 1 week