Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodilatation With Triamcinolone Acetonide for Adhesive Capsulitis

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥18 years old, clinical diagnosis of periarthritis of shoulder; 2. symptom duration \> 1 month, shoulder ROM limitation in at least two directions, defined as abduction \< 80°, flexion \< 130°, and rotation \< 30°; 3. Before enrollment, the patients received plain radiographs, ultrasound images, and magnetic resonance imaging to rule out the cause of secondary shoulder capsitis. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Secondary frozen shoulder, such as rotator cuff tear, calcifying tendinitis, osteoarthritis, infection, tuberculosis infection, rheumatic disease, shoulder impingement syndrome; 2. Previous history of shoulder joint surgery; 3. Involved cervical nervous system symptoms or abnormal nervous system; 4. corticosteroid injection in the affected shoulder within 3 months; 5. Mental illness; 6. Patients with contraindications to cortisol-hormone use.