Anamnesis was taken from 108 patients aged 18-33 who applied to the clinic and met the inclusion criteria. Photographs of the patients' smiles were taken without any measurement. Plaque , gingival index , bleeding on probing, pocket depth measurements, clinical attachment, and gingival recession levels were measured, respectively. Patients were divided into two groups: peri-implant health and gingivitis. Gingival thickness and keratinized gingival width were also measured. In addition, the smile aesthetic index, style, type, and stage were also determined using the smile classification system. Gingival visibility was measured in mm from the photographs taken.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
108
The presence or absence of periodontal disease in the gingiva was determined.
Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University
Bolu, Bolu, Turkey (Türkiye)
Keratinized gingival thickness
Keratinized gingival thickness refers to the vertical measurement of the gingival tissue that extends from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction, characterized by a keratinized epithelial layer which provides enhanced protection and stability to the underlying periodontal structures.
Time frame: Baseline
Keratinized gingival width
Keratinized gingival width refers to the horizontal dimension of the gingival tissue that is keratinized, measured from the free gingival margin to the mucogingival junction.
Time frame: Baseline
Gingival display
The gingival displays were measured by measuring the distances from the zenith points to the vermilion border
Time frame: Baseline
Smile esthetic index
. The aforementioned factors were assigned a number (0 or 1) depending on their presence or absence, and the total of the assigned numbers indicates the subject's SEI (which ranges from 0 for very poor to 10 for very good)
Time frame: Baseline
Smile clasificatain system
Smile style (Commissura smile, sharp smile, and complex smile), stage (Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IV), and type (Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4) were analyzed with the smile classification system
Time frame: Baseline
Gingival phenotype
The visible end of the periodontal probe in the sulcus represents a thin gingival phenotype, while the invisible end corresponds to a thick gingival phenotype
Time frame: Baseline
Plaque index
The plaque index assesses the amount of dental plaque visible on the vestibular and lingual surfaces of all teeth
Time frame: Baseline
Gingival index
This measurement is based on the presence or absence of bleeding on gentle probing
Time frame: Baseline
Bleeding on probing
Bleeding, leading sign of inflammation inside the connective tissue, is a critical factor for pocket depth measurements, and with other variable factors prevents making reproducible measurements.
Time frame: Baseline
Periodontal pocket depth
A pathologically deepened gingival sulcus around a tooth at the gingival margin.
Time frame: Baseline
Clinical attachment level
CAL is calculated by subtracting the gingival margin level from the probing depth.
Time frame: Baseline
Gingival recession depth
Gingival recession is the apical migration of the gingival margin away from the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), resulting in the exposure of the root surface of a tooth.
Time frame: Baseline
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