This study investigates the effectiveness of honey as a treatment for deep neck space abscesses, comparing it to standard wound care methods. Conducted as a randomized clinical trial, it aims to determine whether honey can offer a viable alternative or improvement in managing this condition. The research assesses outcomes related to healing, infection control, and overall patient recovery.
Deep neck abscess is one of the diseases in the field of otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery that has high morbidity, mortality, and costs. Management of deep neck abscesses involves incision and drainage, abscess exploration, systemic administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, management of comorbid factors, and postoperative wound care until healing. Standard dressing for wound care has been time-consuming and costly. Honey is one type of dressing modality that has been widely used in wound care for various parts of the body and diseases. Honey is expected to be a more cost-efficient treatment modality that supports accelerated wound healing, leading to better outcomes and cost savings. The research design used is a single-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT), where researchers randomly assign one intervention to respondents to compare the effects of honey and Prontosan on the wound healing process. The population and sample of the study include all patients with deep neck abscesses treated at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, the teaching hospital of the Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University and other hospitals equipped with board-certified Otorhinolaryngologists. The participants in the control group were treated with standard dressing, while participants in the study group were treated with standard dressing along with honey dressing.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE
Enrollment
36
Honey has a long-standing reputation for promoting wound healing and offers a more economical treatment modality. Nusantara Honey, a GMP-certified product available on the market, met our criteria for quality and safety.
PHMB is an antimicrobial polymer that is effective against intracellular and biofilm forms of S. aureus. PHMB is quite effective in the treatment of wounds in deep neck abscesses.
Dr. Sardjito General Hospital
Yogyakarta, D.I Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Wound Assessment
The wound was assessed by the research assistant using the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool
Time frame: BWATs was measured on the first, seventh, and fourteenth days from abscess incision.
Wound Measurements
Wound measurements included length, width, and depth in cm, with the largest width and length used for data to report wound area in cm\^2. The wound depth was measured using a probe perpendicular to the wound's length and width.
Time frame: The wound was measured on the first, seventh, and fourteenth days from abscess incision.
Bacterial Colony
Bacterial culture results and the number of bacterial colonies served as indicators of infection improvement. Swabs from the wound bed were sent to the Microbiology laboratory.
Time frame: Pus aspiration was performed by the resident doctor who conducted the dressing on the first and fourteenth days from abscess incision
Cytokine and Growth Factor Expression
Immunopathological evaluation of wound healing involved tissue samples sent to the Anatomical Pathology laboratory for analysis of IL-1, TNF-α, and VEGF expression. Tissue sampling was performed using nasopharyngeal biopsy forceps, and the preserved tissue was sent for analysis.
Time frame: Tissue sampling was performed by the resident doctor who conducted the dressing on the first and fourteenth days from abscess incision
Vital Sign Examinations
Vital signs consist of blood pressure (mmHg), heart rate per minute, respiration rate per minute, temperature (°C), and saturation (%) which are useful for monitoring patients in this study.
Time frame: Vital Signs were performed everyday throughout patient's admission in the wards.
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Blood Gas Analysis
Blood gas analysis showed by measuring pH, pCO2 (mmHg), HCO3 (mmol/L), pO2 (mmHg), and BE (mmol/L) status.
Time frame: Blood gas analysis were performed throughout patient's admission in the wards.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Complete blood count performed included, Hemoglobin (g/dL), RBC (10\^6/uL), WBC (10\^3/uL), Platelet (10\^3/uL), and blood type.
Time frame: CBC were performed throughout patient's admission in the wards.
Liver Function Tests
Liver function tests typically include SGOT (U/L), SGPT (U/L), bilirubin serum (mg/dL), INR (international normalized ratio), prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastine time (APTT) in second.
Time frame: Liver function tests were performed throughout patient's admission in the wards.
Kidney Function Tests
Kidney function test such as albumin (g/dL), BUN (mg/dl), creatinine serum (mg/dL), uric acid (mg/dL) and electrolytes (mmol/L): sodium, potassium, chloride .
Time frame: Kidney function tests were performed throughout patient's admission in the wards.
Blood Glucose Test
A blood glucose test measure the amount of glucose in patient blood to hel diagnose or monitor diabetes either as a comorbidity or not ny doing a finger-picker test or a blood draw from patient vein
Time frame: Blood glucose test was performed throughout patient's admission in the wards.