Evaluating the Effect of Injectable Platelet Rich Fibrin on Tooth Movement

Overview

Introduction: Prolonged orthodontic treatment can lead to challenges and unfavourable outcomes, including increased risk of caries, root resorption, as well as gingival and periodontal diseases. Acceleration of this step would reduce overall treatment time, improve patient cooperation, and decrease possible negative side effects. The injectable platelet - rich fibrin is second generation holds the advantages of easier preparations and longer effects that is obtained through low-speed centrifugation. The potential benefits of PRF have been widely investigated in regenerative dentistry and oral surgery such as tooth movement, implantology, oral pathology and periodontal therapy. Objective: Our study aims to investigate the effectiveness of i PRF in accelerating maxillary canine retraction Subjects and method: This study was a split-mouth randomized clinical trial was conducted on 31 patients (9 male, 22 females age ranging 14-31 years) who were treated for Class I malocclusion with the extraction of the maxillary first premolar. After the leveling and alignment phase, the canines were retracted with 150gm forces. The i-PRF was prepared from the blood of each patient then injected immediately before canine retraction on the buccal and palatal aspects of the extraction sites. Digital model were obtained at five time points: before tooth extraction (T0) and in the fourth week (T1), eighth week (T2), twelfth week (T3), sixteenth week (T4) from the beginning of distalization.

One of the main goals of orthodontic treatment is the reduction of treatment time through faster tooth movement, acceleration of canine retraction and space closure would reduce overall treatment time. Tooth movement is essentially a biological response to a physical stimulus, speeding up this response should avoid the occurrence of common iatrogenic effects such as white spot lesions, caries, root resorption and periodontal problems 1. Therefore, attempts to accelerate tooth movement and reduce treatment duration are of great significance to both orthodontists and patients. Thus, various invasive and non-invasive modalities have been attempted to reduce the duration of orthodontic treatment by accelerating tooth movement such as: surgical, vibration, pharmacological agents, low-level laser therapy or other procedures 2,3,4,5. However, none of these procedures have yet become a gold standard method. Platelet-based preparations from the patient's blood provide a safe alternative to commercially available bioactive materials. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is the second generation, holds the advantages of easier preparations and longer effects 6-11. The injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was developed as an advanced product of PRF by altering the centrifugation protocol by lowering the centrifugation speed and force to 700 rotations per minute within 3 minutes. has many advantages over the conventional form such as higher rates of leukocyte, regenerative cells and growth factors. The potential benefits of PRF have been widely investigated in regenerative dentistry and oral surgery such as tooth movement, implantology, oral pathology and periodontal therapy 12,13,14. Wang et al. reported that i-PRF affected osteoblastic behavior remarkably by influencing its migration, proliferation, and differentiation. This promotes cellular activity and accelerates bone turnover and healing 11. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of i-PRF in accelerating tooth movement.