Efficacy and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection for Paravertebral Nerve Block in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Pain After Thoracoscopic Pneumonectomy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled Clinical Trial

Area under the rest pain intensity-time curve

Area under the pain intensity-time curve at rest within 72h after the intervention.

Time frame: from 0-72 hours after the intervention

Movement-evoked pain score

Use pain Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) to evaluate the movement-evoked pain score at 30minutes after recovery from anesthesia and at 6 hours, 12hours, 24hours , 48hours and 72 hours after the intervention.(NRS scale 0-10, where 0 was no pain, and 10 was the worst possible pain)

Time frame: 30 minutes after recovery from anesthesia,6 hours, 12hours, 24hours , 48hours and 72 hours after the intervention

Pain score at rest

Use pain Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) to evaluate the pain score at rest at 30minutes after recovery from anesthesia and at 6 hours, 12hours, 24hours , 48hours and 72 hours after the intervention.(NRS scale 0-10, where 0 was no pain, and 10 was the worst possible pain)

Time frame: 30 minutes after recovery from anesthesia,6 hours,12hours, 24hours , 48hours and 72 hours after the intervention

Proportion of participants who did not use rescue analgesia

Proportion of participants who did not use rescue analgesia during 0-12 hours, 12-24 hours, 24-48 hours, 48-72 hours and 0-72 hours after the intervention.

Time frame: from 0-72 hours after the intervention

The cumulative dosage of rescue analgesia

The cumulative dosage of rescue analgesia during 0-12 hours, 12-24 hours, 24-48 hours, 48-72hours and 0-72hours after the intervention.

Time frame: from 0-72 hours after the intervention

The time of first use of rescue analgesia

The time of first use of rescue analgesia

Time frame: from 0-72 hours after the intervention

First time out-of-bed

Time of participant's first out-of-bed activity after surgery

Time frame: From date of surgery until the date of first out-of-bed，assessed up to 7 days

Length of hospital stay

Duration of participants from hospital admission to hospital discharge

Time frame: From date of surgery until the date of first hospital discharge，assessed up to 1 months

Chronic pain score

Use pain Numeric Rating Scale(NRS) to evaluate the movement-evoked pain score and rest pain score at 90 days after surgery.(NRS scale 0-10, where 0 was no pain, and 10 was the worst possible pain)

Time frame: postoperative day (POD) 90

Score of satisfaction with analgesia

At 72 hours after the intervention,the participants rated the satisfaction with analgesia.Satisfaction rating scale 0-5,where 0 was poor drug effectiveness, and 5 was excellent drug efficacy)

Time frame: At 72 hours after the intervention