Functional Performance and Biopsychosocial Characteristics in Individuals with Systemic Sclerosis

Modified Rodnan Skin Score (mRSS)

It is a standard disease activity scoring applied in doctor\'s examinations for Systemic Sclerosis patients. It evaluates the skin hardness of 17 different parts of the body. 0= normal skin , 1= mild skin thickness, 2= moderate skin thickness, 3= severe skin thickness. A high score indicates increased skin thickness. The total score is scored between 0-5.

Time frame: Baseline

Modified Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (mHAMIS)

It is a method in which a physiotherapist evaluates the hand functions of individuals. Based on observation, it evaluates four different hand functions (finger flexion, finger extension, finger abduction, and dorsal extension of the hand).

Time frame: Baseline

Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

It consists of 14 items, 7 of which assess anxiety, and the other 7 determine depression. Each item is scored between 0 and 3, and the total is scored between 0 and 21. High scores indicate poor anxiety and depression levels.

Time frame: Baseline

Duruoz Hand Index

Questionnaire form-18 is a likert-type scale that evaluates different hand functions. It can score between 0-90. A high score means a low hand functions.

Time frame: Baseline

Short Form-36 (SF-36)

It is a 36-item, 11-question scale that allows general health screening with eight sub-parameters consisting of general health, physical function, social function, pain, emotional well-being, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to emotional problems, and vitality. It is a generic scale; Items are scored as \'0 = worst health condition, 100 = best health state\'. Each subcategory is scored between 0 and 100 points, with a high score indicating good health.

Time frame: Baseline

Chronic Disease Self-Management Scale

The scale, which evaluates the self-management status of the individual with chronic disease, consists of 4 sub-dimensions and 21 items, including Self-Stigmatisation (7 items), Coping with Stigmatisation (5 items), Health Care Effectiveness (5 items) and Treatment Compliance (4 items). The rating of the items in the measurement tool is 1= Never, 2= Rarely, 3= Average, 4= Quite often, and 5= Always.

Time frame: Baseline

Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale

The scale consists of 18 items rated from 0% to a maximum power of 100% according to the individual\'s self-efficacy for exercise. Participants will record the strength of their efficacy beliefs according to the 100-point scale with 10-unit intervals from 0 (cannot do it) to 50 (moderately able to do it) and 100 (absolutely able to do it).

Time frame: Baseline

Brief Illness Perception. Questionnaire

It consists of nine items that express illness perception\'s cognitive and emotional representation. In the first eight items, a representation expression related to illness perception is questioned, and each item consists of open-ended answers with a score between 0 and 10. In the last item, the individual is asked to indicate three factors that cause their illness.

Time frame: Baseline

Body Awareness Questionnaire

The sensitivity of the individual to normal or abnormal body sensitivity to physical, emotional, and social elements is questioned about sensitivity to physical reactions. The 18-item scale consists of four subgroups (estimation of body reactions, sleep-wake cycle, estimation at the beginning, and attention to changes and responses in the body process). For each of the 18 items, respondents are asked to score between 1 and 7 (1=Not true for me at all, 7=Very true for me). The total score from the questionnaire can be a maximum of 126 and a minimum of 18.

Time frame: Baseline

Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK)

This consists of 17 statements that assess the subjective rating of kinesiophobia. Statements are rated on a four-point Likert scale from 'strongly disagree' (score 1) to 'strongly agree' (score 4). Four items (4, 8, 11, and 12) are reverse-scored. The total score ranges from 17 to 68, with higher values indicating more severe kinesiophobia.

Time frame: Baseline

Central Sensitisation Inventory

It consists of 25 questions evaluating the symptoms associated with central sensitization in 2 parts. Part A of the scale includes questions about symptoms scored between 0-4, and a score above 40 indicates the development of central sensitization. Part B of the scale (no scoring) questions whether the patient has previously received any diagnosis related to one or more central nervous systems.

Time frame: Baseline

Five Times Sit to-Stand Test

Assesses lower limb and body strength, power, agility, and ability to get up from a chair and sit down again. The patient sits on a chair with back support and crosses their arms in front of the chest. The patient is asked to stand up and sit down five times as quickly as possible without support from the arms. The time required for five repetitions to sit and stand up is recorded in seconds.

Time frame: Baseline

Timed Up and Go Test

The balance status of the individual is evaluated by getting up from a back-supported chair and walking 3 meters at a normal walking speed and returning to the chair and the time of sitting on the chair is measured and recorded in seconds.

Time frame: Baseline

Stair Climb Test

To measure the individual\^s lower extremity strength and dynamic balance, the time to ascend and descend a 10-step staircase with a handrail in the range of 16-20 cm as fast as possible is recorded in seconds.

Time frame: Baseline