Maxillary Sinus Elevation and Perioperative Complications

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Severe resorption or sinus pneumatization in the posterior maxilla that prevents standard implant treatment; class V or VI according to Cawood and Howell classification, patients with residual bone height less than 6 mm 2. Patients over 18 years of age 3. Patients without a history of reconstructive pre-prosthetic surgery or previous implant surgery 4. Patients with partial edentulism who have applied to our center for implant treatment and need sinus lifting 5. Patients with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) taken within the last 1 month Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with a history of systemic diseases (hematologic, neurologic, etc.) that may be contraindicated surgery 2. Patients who are pregnant or in lactation period 3. Patients with a history of immune system disorders and substance abuse 4. Patients with a history of radiotherapy in the head and neck region 5. Patients with existing maxillary sinus pathology or who have undergone surgery 6. Patients who smoke \>10 cigarettes per day 7. Patients using antibiotics or steroids in the 30 days before surgery 8. Uncooperative patients who do not comply with the study protocol or follow-up regimen 9. Patients with perforation of the Schneiderian membrane