The goal of this study is to improve the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (UTI) in older people (≥65 years). The main research questions are: Research questions * What is the optimal cut-off for each individual biomarker NGAL,IL-6,AZU,TIMP2 and CXCL9 and associated, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value. * sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive value of a urine leukocyte count cut-off of 200 cells/microL (validation) * What is the optimal combination of biomarkers for UTI diagnosis in older patients * As a secondary objective this study aims to evaluate the association between the levels of individual biomarker levels and 1) duration of symptoms 2) complications, 3) recurrence of UTI within 2 months, and length of hospital stay. Next to this, the performance of the astrego PA100 will be validated in diagnosing bacteriuria. Participants will: * be asked to provide a urine sample once at the beginning of the study * be asked to answer some questions about their symptoms and overall health at the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks * have their vital parameters (temperature and blood pressure) measured once at the beginning of the study
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
264
At baseline midstream urine will be collected in a sterile urine container.
Leiden university medical center (LUMC)
Leiden, South Holland, Netherlands
RECRUITINGDiagnostic accuracy of individual urine biomarkers
Sensitivity and specificity in percentages for the different biomarkers include; NGAL, IL-6, AZU, TIMP2 and CXCL9.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of individual urine biomarkers
Positive and negative predictive value in percentages for the different biomarkers include; NGAL, IL-6, AZU, TIMP2 and CXCL9.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of individual urine biomarkers
Likelihood ratios for the different biomarkers include; NGAL, IL-6, AZU, TIMP2 and CXCL9.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of individual urine biomarkers
Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the different biomarkers include; NGAL, IL-6, AZU, TIMP2 and CXCL9.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of urine biomarker panel
Sensitivity and specificity in percentages for the optimal combination of biomarkers
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of urine biomarker panel
positive and negative predictive values in percentages for the optimal combination of biomarkers.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of urine biomarker panel
The likelihood ratios for the optimal combination of biomarkers.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of urine biomarker panel
The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the optimal combination of biomarkers.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of leukocytes in urine
Sensitivity and specificity in percentages for the cut-off of 200 leukocytes/microL in urine.
Time frame: At Baseline
Diagnostic accuracy of leukocytes in urine
Negative and positive predictive value in percentages for the cut-off of 200 leukocytes/microL in urine
Time frame: At Baseline
Duration of symptoms
Time frame: 1 week after inclusion, if not yet resolved again at 8 weeks
Length of hospital stay
Time frame: 1 week after inclusion, if not yet resolved again at 8 weeks
Complications
Time frame: 1 week after inclusion, if not yet resolved again at 8 weeks
Recurrence of UTI <2 months
Time frame: 8 weeks after inclusion
Diagnostic performance of PA100 in detecting bacteruria
Time frame: baseline
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