Ultrasound Guided Placental Growth Factor Vs Platelet Rich Plasma Injection in Peripheral Nerve Injury: an Interventional Study

Overview

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if placental growth factor injection and platelet rich plasma injection works to treat peripheral nerve injury in adults. and the role of nerve conduction study and neuromuscular ultrasound The main questions it aims to answer are: Does placental growth factor improve outcome after peripheral nerve injury? Does platelet rich plasma improve outcome after peripheral nerve injury? Researchers will compare drug both drugs to each other and will follow up the results via NCS and NMUS Participants will be classified into 3 random groups: one group will receive perineural injection of placental growth factor, the other group will receive peri neural PRP injection, third group will only be followed up without intervention Follow up of each patients will be done at 3 and 6 months

Traumatic nerve injuries, particularly involving the median and ulnar nerves, pose significant clinical challenges and can lead to considerable morbidity Neuropathic pain, which can arise from nerve lesions, may persist for months or even years after the apparent healing of the affected tissues , Moreover, weakness or paralysis of specific muscles can impair grip strength and fine motor skills, making daily tasks challenging, and the chronic disability affects patient's quality of life. Neuromuscular US is a non-invasive technique to diagnose peripheral nerve injuries, basic findings in nerve trauma may include focal enlargements suggesting a neuroma in continuity, disorganization of the internal fascicular structure, as well as partial or complete nerve transection. Growth factors play a pivotal role in the process of nerve regeneration by promoting cellular growth, survival, and differentiation. Placenta extract contains a variety of growth factors, such as: Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β), Fibroblast Growth factor (FGF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), It also includes cytokines and proteins that support healing and modulate inflammatory responses(6)placental extract use showed a significant improvement in pain and range of motion in knee osteoarthritis, Fibromyalgia and Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Another rich source of growth factors is platelet-rich plasma (PRP) it allows gradual and sustained release of neurotrophic signaling molecules such as nerve growth factor (NGF), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), IGF-1, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), VEGF, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and neurotropic factors (fibrin, fibronectin, and vitronectin) Studies on PRP and placental extract effect on nerve injuries are also still limited which needs further experimentation to understand its effect, and ability of regeneration of various neural components.