This study aimed to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate quality on enjoyment of physical activity and burnout in athletes. Data were collected from 139 active athletes aged 19 to 35 years using a Demographic Structure Questionnaire, the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). Carbohydrate quality was assessed using food frequency data, and the results were analyzed with SPSS 24 software.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carbohydrate quality on enjoyment of physical activity and burnout in athletes. Method: A total of 139 active athletes aged 19 to 35 years participated in the study. Participants completed a Demographic Structure Questionnaire, the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ), and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES). To assess carbohydrate quality, food frequency data were collected, and scores were based on fiber intake, the whole-to-total grain ratio, glycemic index, and solid-to-total carbohydrate ratio, each evaluated on a scale from 1 to 5 points. The resulting scores were categorized into five quartiles, with Q5 indicating the highest and Q1 the lowest carbohydrate quality. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
139
Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Evaluating carbohydrate quality
A total of 132 food groups obtained from the food consumption frequency questionnaire were analyzed. Daily intake (g/day) was calculated using the BeBiS program with a global database, considering the amount and frequency of food consumed by each participant. Glycaemic Index (GI) values were also determined using the BeBiS program, taking into account the amount and frequency of food consumed. To determine the Carbohydrate Quality Index score, each of the four components (fiber intake, whole grain ratio, glycaemic index, and total carbohydrate ratio) was evaluated on a scale from 1 to 5 points. The scores for each component were then summed. Q5 indicates the highest and Q1 indicates the lowest carbohydrate quality.
Time frame: Basaline
Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ)
The Athlete Burnout Questionnaire was used to determine the level of burnout in athletes. The scale consists of 13 questions scored on a five-point Likert scale (1-Never, 2-Sometimes, 3-Often, 4-Frequently, 5-Always) and is divided into three subdimensions: "Decreased Sense of Achievement," "Emotional/Physical Exhaustion," and "Depersonalization." The total score can range from 15 to 65, with higher scores indicating higher levels of burnout.
Time frame: Basaline
Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES)
The Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) was used to assess the level of enjoyment athletes experience during physical activity. The scale consists of 8 questions scored on a scale from 1 to 7, with a maximum score of 56 and a minimum score of 8. Higher scores indicate greater enjoyment of physical activity.
Time frame: Basaline
Sociodemographic characteristics
Sociodemographic characteristics will be assessed using a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. The questionnaire will include items measuring age, gender, education level, and income status. The results will be presented as numbers and percentages for each characteristic
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Basaline
Body Mass Index (BMI)
Kilograms per square meter (kg/m2)
Time frame: Basaline
Body weight
Body weight in kg
Time frame: Basaline
Height
Height in cm
Time frame: Basaline