The aim of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of supervised in addition to stretching exercise resisted concentric and eccentric contraction protocol of toe spread out exercise on the angular severity of hallux valgus deformity, changes in the cross-sectional area, stiffness and thickness of the abductor hallucis muscle, electromyographic activities, plantar pressure distribution, foot morphology and gait characteristics, balance and physical performance at the end of the medium and long term.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE
Enrollment
42
new resistance exercise phase in addition to the standard protocol
Standart protocol of toe spread out exercise
Toe stretching
Hallux Valgus Angle
A radiographic measurement (°) The angle created between the lines that longitudinally bisect the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal.
Time frame: Before treatment, after 6 months
Intermetatarsal angle
A radiographic measurement (°) The term intermetatarsal angle alone typically refers to assessment of the first and second metatarsals
Time frame: Before treatment, after 6 months
Hallux Interphalangeal Angle
A radiographic measurement (°) The hallux interphalangeal angle is between the proximal and distal phalanx of the great toe and serves for the evaluation of toe deformity at the level of the first interphalangeal joint.
Time frame: Before treatment, after 6 months
Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle
A radiographic measurement (°) The distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) evaluates the relationship between the longitudinal axis and the articular surface of the first metatarsophalangeal joint and thus metatarsophalangeal coverage or joint congruity on a weight-bearing dorsoplantar radiograph of the foot.
Time frame: Before treatment, after 6 months
Sesamoid Position Classification
A radiographic measurement (1-7 grades) The medial sesamoid position would be classified into 7 grades by the respective circle as the position of the medial sesamoid.
Time frame: Before treatment, after 6 months
Length of the First Metatarsal
A radiographic measurement Length of the first metarsal (centimeter)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 6 months
Surface Electromyography
Maximum volunteer isometric contarction (MVIC) of m. abductor hallucis
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Time frame: Before first treatment, after 8 weeks, and after 6 months
Cross Sectional Area
CSA of m. abductor hallucis with ultrasound (cm²) CSA: In muscle physiology, physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) is the area of the cross section of a muscle perpendicular to its fibers, generally at its largest point
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Dorsoplantar Thickness
Measurement muscle thickness (m. abductor hallucis) with ultrasound (cm)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Mediolateral Width
Measurement muslce width (m. abductor hallucis) with ultrasound (cm)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Shear Wave Elastography
Measurement SWE with ultrasound (m. abductor hallucis) (cm)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Plantar load
Measurement with plantar pressure distrubiton analysis (kg/cm²)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Loads per unit of plantar segments
Measurement with plantar pressure distrubiton analysis (kg/cm²)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Changes of loads during gait
Measurement with plantar pressure distrubiton analysis (kg/cm²)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Gait-time graph
Measurement with plantar pressure distrubiton analysis (%)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Maximum and average pressures
Measurement with plantar pressure distrubiton analysis (kg/cm²)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Plantar Contact area
Measurement with plantar pressure distrubiton analysis (cm²)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Plantar contact time
Measurement with plantar pressure distrubiton analysis (msn)
Time frame: Before treatment, after 8 weeks, after 6 months
Balance measurement
Y-balance test
Time frame: Before first treatment, after 8 weeks, and after 6 months
Physical performance tests
Gait speed (10 meter), Climbing stairs speed (10 meter)
Time frame: Before first treatment, after 8 weeks, and after 6 months
Multidimensional Nil Hallux Valgus Scale
The scale has a score range of 0-60, with higher score indicating increased HV symptoms, complaints, and functional disorder.
Time frame: Before first treatment, after 8 weeks, and after 6 months