The investigators think that the functions of core stabilization muscles are different in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients than in healthy individuals. This muscle group plays an important role not only in stabilization but also in respiratory parameters. No study has been found investigating the functions of these muscles in this patient group. The investigators aimed to compare respiratory parameters, muscle parameters, exercise capacity, balance, quality of life, anxiety and depression levels in individuals with COPD and healthy individuals.
Individuals diagnosed with COPD between the ages of 40-80 who applied to Ankara Etlik City Hospital Chest Diseases Polyclinic will be included in the study. Healthy individuals will be between the ages of 40-80 who volunteered to participate in the study. Data collection tools will be made by the same researchers. For calculating the sample size required for the study, a power analysis will be conducted using pilot data after evaluating 10 individuals with COPD and 10 healthy adults.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
20
Ankara Etlik City Hospital
Ankara, Turkey (Türkiye)
Cardiopulmonary exercise test
Cardiopulmonary exercise test will be performed to evaluate the exercise capacity of the individuals who will participate in the study. During the test, individuals' respiratory and cardiac parameters will be recorded.
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
Respiratory function
Respiratory functions will be assessed using spirometry (Cosmed Microquark-PC Based Spirometer, Rome, Italy) according to the criteria of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the American Thoracic Society (ATS).
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
Respiratory muscle strength
Respiratory muscle strength will be assessed with a portable, electronic oral pressure measuring device (Cosmed Pony Fx, Milan, Italy). Respiratory muscle strength will be determined by measuring maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP). Percentage of expected reference values according to gender and age will be used for the MIP value. The clinical significance for this patient group is 17.2 cmH2O for the measured MIP value.
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
Muscle activity and muscle thickness
In our study, muscle activity and thickness of transversus abdominis (TrA), rectus abdominis (RA), lumbar multifidus (LM) and quadriceps muscles will be evaluated to evaluate muscle function. Muscle activity will be evaluated using surface electromyography (EMG) (Neuro-MEP, Ivanovo, Russia) and muscle thickness will be evaluated using ultrasound (LOGIQ P9, GE Healthcare, USA).
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
COPD Assessment Questionnaire
The COPD Assessment Test (CAT) will be used to assess health status impairment in individuals with COPD. The CAT is an eight-item test consisting of questions that evaluate the severity of symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production and the impact of the disease on daily life. It is recommended that the minimal clinical significance is a change of 2 points.
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
Timed up and go test
The Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) will be used for the balance assessment of individuals participating in the study. TUG is a frequently used, easily applicable, valid and reliable, performance-based functional mobility and balance test that evaluates dynamic balance in the clinic. It has been shown that dynamic balance impairment in COPD is associated with inadequate oxygenation and peripheral muscle weakness. Individuals who complete the test in 12 seconds or more have a risk of falling
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
Functional reach test
Functional reach test will be used for the balance assessment of individuals participating in the study. Individuals who can reach 25 cm and more have a low risk of falling. Individuals who can reach between 15-25 cm have a 2 times higher risk of falling than normal. Individuals who can reach 15 cm and below have a 4 times higher risk of falling than normal. Individuals who cannot reach at all have an 8 times higher risk of falling than normal.
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
St George Health Questionnaire
St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), a seventy-six-item health-related quality of life assessment questionnaire, will be used to assess the quality of life of the subjects.The result values are between 0 and 100 and the higher the value, the greater the degree to which the patient's quality of life is affected by the disease.
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale will be used to determine the anxiety and depression levels of individuals participating in the study. This scale is a self-report scale that includes anxiety and depression subscales and consists of 14 items, seven of which investigate depression and seven of which investigate anxiety levels.The cut-off point for the anxiety subscale of the HAD Turkish form was found to be 10 and the cut-off point for the depression subscale was found to be 7. Patients who score above these points can be considered as a risk group. Anxiety and depression score 07: normal, 8-11: borderline, \>11: anxiety and depression.
Time frame: September 2024, July 2026
Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT)
6MWT will be used to evaluate the exercise capacities of individuals who will participate in the study. The individuals' walking distance and cardiac parameters during the test will be recorded.
Time frame: September 2024- July 2026
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