The goal of this clinical trial is to perform a PEEP titration protocol and use EIT to identify the optimal PEEP at which lung overdistention and collapse are most effectively balanced. The primary and secondary aims of the study are as follows: Identify the difference between the optimal PEEP recommended by EIT metrics and the current guideline recommended approach to identifying optimal PEEP in PARDS. There will be a statistically significant difference in the recommended optimal PEEP identified using the EIT PEEP titration tool and that of the PEEP/FiO2 grid recommendations. Determine the difference in physiologic metrics between EIT optimal PEEP and the PEEP/FiO2 recommended PEEP. Participants will undergoing EIT monitoring while being subjected to PEEP titration protocol.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
60
A PEEP titration will occur for the patient with the PEEP increased by 2 cm H2O every 2 minutes until a maximum PEEP of 20 or three steps (+ 6 cm H2O) above the set clinical PEEP. The PEEP will then be decreased by 2 cmH2O every 2 minutes until a minimum PEEP of 6 cmH2O or three steps (- 6 cm H2O) below their clinical PEEP.
Children's Hospital Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California, United States
RECRUITINGThe absolute difference between the electrical impedence tomography (EIT) recommended PEEP and the PEEP recommended by the PEEP/fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) grid.
Collected using electrical impedence tomography (EIT). The EIT device provides the percentages of alveolar overdistention and collapse at each PEEP level. The best PEEP by EIT is defined as the PEEP level above the intersection of curves representing relative alveolar overdistention and collapse.
Time frame: Day 1
Lung recruitability, as measured by electrical impedence tomography, and its association with difference in optimal PEEP recommended by electrical impedence tomography versus the PEEP/FiO2 grid
Recruitability will be defined as the absolute reduction in the percentage of collapse when comparing the highest and lowest PEEP achieved, as measured by electrical impedence tomography.
Time frame: Day 1
Difference in systolic impendence, as a surrogate for cardiac output, using electrical impedence tomography at various PEEP levels
Using the electrical impedence tomography pulsatility filter/tool, a difference in systolic impendence, attributed to the cardiac cycle, can be calculated. This will be used as a surrogate for stroke volume and will be compared across PEEP levels.
Time frame: Day 1
Change in static compliance across different PEEP levels during a PEEP titration
Static compliance is defined as the change in volume divided by the change in pressure during an inspiratory hold (when airflow is zero). It reflects the elastic properties of the lung and chest wall.
Time frame: Day 1
Change in driving pressure across different PEEP levels during a PEEP titration
Driving pressure is the difference between the plateau pressure (the pressure measured during an inspiratory hold, when airflow is zero) and the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). It represents the pressure that actually distends the alveoli during mechanical ventilation.
Time frame: Day 1
Change in plateau pressure across different PEEP levels during a PEEP titration
Plateau pressure is the pressure measured during an inspiratory hold maneuver, which occurs when the ventilator temporarily halts airflow at the end of the inspiratory phase. This allows the pressure in the alveoli to stabilize, providing a true reflection of the pressure needed to distend the lungs, without the effects of airflow resistance.
Time frame: Day 1
Change in dead space, as measured by volumetric capnography, across different PEEP levels during a PEEP titration
For patients who consent to the optional placement of a volumetric capnography device, dead space will be continuously measured using volumetric capnography by measuring the volume of carbon dioxide (CO2) exhaled with each breath (VeCO2) and calculating the CO2 ventilatory equivalent (minute ventilation/VCO2). Airway dead space can be obtained with each breath.
Time frame: Day 1
Change in transplural pressure, as measured by esophageal manometry, across different PEEP levels during a PEEP titration
For patients who consent to the optional component of having an esophageal balloon catheter placed, esophageal manometry will be used to measure transplural pressure. The difference between the pressure in the alveoli (intrapulmonary pressure) and the pressure in the pleural space (intrapleural pressure). It reflects the pressure required to expand the lungs and is crucial for understanding lung mechanics. This will be obtained using esophageal manometry with inspiratory and expiratory holds at each PEEP titration level.
Time frame: Day 1
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