TeleNEURO-Rehabilitation Systems for Neurodegenerative Conditions: the FIT4TeleNEURO Pragmatic Trial

Change in dynamic and static balance measured by the Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale - FAB

The FAB Scale evaluates dynamic and static balance under different situations. The test consists of 10 items that assess different aspects of balance, such as standing with eyes closed, reaching forward, turning, stepping, and standing on one leg. Each activity is scored on a 5-point scale from 0 to 4, where higher scores indicate better performance. The total score ranges from 0 to 40, with a score of 25 or lower indicating balance disturbances.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in dynamic balance as measured by the modified Dynamic Gait Index - mDGI

The mDGI measures the capacity to adapt gait to complex tasks utilizing 8 tasks and 3 facets of performance (gait pattern score \[0 -3\], level of assistance \[0 -2\], and time level score \[0 -3\]). The total task score (range 0 -8) is calculated by summing the 3 performance facet scores for each task. Higher scores are indicative of better performance.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in perceived stability during activities of daily living as measured by the Activities Balance Confidence scale - ABC

ABC is a 16-item questionnaire that measures an individual's confidence during activities without falling or experiencing a sense of unsteadiness. Each item is scored ranging from 0 to 100. Higher scores are indicative of higher perceived stability.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in perceived fatigue during activities of daily living measured by the Fatigue Severity Scale - FSS

The FSS questionnaire contains nine items that rate the severity of your fatigue symptoms on daily-life activities. Each item is scored ranging from 1 to 7. Higher scores are indicative of higher perceived fatigue.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in functional lower limbs strength as measured by the Five Times Sit to Stand Test - 5xSTS

The 5xSTS asses functional lower limbs strength, transitional movements, balance, and fall risk. The scoring is based on the amount of time a patient is able to transfer from a seated to a standing position and back to sitting five times. The lower the time to complete the test, the better the outcome of the test.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in mobility and leg function performance as measured by the Timed 25 Foot Walk - T25FW

The T25FW is a quantitative mobility and leg function performance test based on a timed 25 foot walk. The patient is directed to one end of a clearly marked 25 foot course and is instructed to walk 25 feet as quickly as possible. The time is calculated from the initiation of the instruction and ends when the patient has reached the 25 foot mark. The task is immediately administered again by having the patient walk back the same distance. The score is the average of the two completed trials.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in aerobic capacity and endurance as measured by the 6-Minute Walk Test - 6MWT

The 6MWT assess aerobic capacity and endurance. The distance covered over a time of 6 minutes is used as the outcome by which to compare changes in performance capacity. An increase in the distance walked indicates improvement in basic mobility

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in global cognitive functioning as measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test - MoCA

The MoCA test is a screening battery which also includes subtests to assess frontal functions such as set-shifting, abstraction and cognitive flexibility (MoCA total score range: 0-30). High scores are indicative of better general cognitive performance.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in visuoperceptual and attentional abilities as measured by the Trail Making Test - TMT parti A e B

The TMT is a neuropsychological test that involves visual scanning (TMT-A) and dual-task (TMT-B). The TMT is scored by how long it takes to complete each part of the test. High execution times indicate poor performance.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in visuoperceptual and attentional abilities as measured by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test - SDMT, Smith A., 1973; Nocentini U., 2006

The SDMT is a commonly used test to assess psychomotor speed. This paper-pencil measure involves a substitution task using a coding key with nine different abstract symbols, each paired with a numeral. Below the key, a series of these symbols is presented, and the participant is asked to write down the corresponding number for each symbol. The score consists of the number of correct substitutions within 90 seconds. Higher scores indicate better performance.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in the perceived level of disability as measured by the World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0 - WHODAS 2.0

WHODAS 2.0 assesses the functioning and disability level in six domains (cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation in community activities) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The summary scores for the WHODAS 2.0 will be obtained through 3 steps: 1) summing of item scores within each domain; 2) summing all six domain scores; 3) converting the summary score into a metric ranging from 0 to 100 (where 0 = no disability and 100 = full disability).

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)

Change in depressive symptoms as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory - BDI-II

The BDI-II is a 21-item questionnaire with each item rated on a 4-point scale (0-3). It is scored by summing ratings for each item (range 0-21). Higher scores indicate greater deflection of mood tone.

Time frame: Baseline, 5 weeks after baseline, and follow-up (3 months after the end of treatment)