The goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a health promotion intervention for Ultra-Orthodox Jewish mothers of children with ADHD. This study will examine the impact of a culturally tailored group-based intervention aimed at reducing stress, enhancing health, and improving the well-being of mothers. The main questions this study aims to answer are: 1. Is the intervention feasible for mothers to participate? 2. Does the intervention improve maternal knowledge about ADHD and reduce stigma? 3. Does it help reduce maternal stress and enhance self-care practices? Participants include: Mothers: Ultra-Orthodox Jewish mothers with a child (ages 6-12) diagnosed with ADHD and no other major health conditions in the family (other than ADHD). Educators: School educators with at least 5 years of experience teaching children with ADHD in the Ultra-Orthodox community. What participation involves: Mothers will attend six weekly teletherapy group sessions, with 6-8 mothers per group. They will complete questionnaires before and after the intervention (approximately 30 minutes each) and participate in a 90-minute remote focus group to provide feedback on the program. Educators will attend a single teletherapy group session (90 minutes) during the program (session 5) and participate in a 90-minute remote interview to provide feedback on the program.
After providing informed consent, mothers will complete questionnaires which will take approximately 30 minutes before beginning the program. Mothers will then be assigned non-randomly to the intervention or control group. Mothers assigned to the control group will receive the intervention after the completion of the first intervention group (delayed). The six sessions of the intervention will be teletherapy and each session will be one and a half hours in length. Each group will consist of 6-8 mothers per group. Inclusion criteria included mothers who identify as ultra-orthodox Jewish, have a child between the ages of 6-12 years old who have been diagnosed with ADHD by a licensed medical professional, and who do not have any other medical diagnosis. The topics discussed in the intervention will include: Awareness/knowledge regarding ADHD and its biological origins, Identifying resources and optimal treatment for ADHD for the child and the mother, Strategies for child ADHD management in the school, and the legitimacy and importance of maternal self-care.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
NA
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Enrollment
32
The intervention will consist of 3 modules with six sessions. Mothers will gain knowledge in topics related to understanding the ADHD health condition and its biological origins, optimal and recommended treatment options, school management techniques, and the importance of taking care of their own health.
Hebrew University
Jerusalem, Israel
RECRUITINGChange in maternal ADHD Knowledge as measured by the ADHD Knowledge Questionnaire (Bussing, 2014)
The summary knowledge score is composed of the sum of 5 variables: 1. Ever heard of ADHD (no =0; yes= 1) 2. Recency of information (0= heard months to years ago or never; 1= heard days to weeks ago) 3. Self-rated knowledge amount (0= knows little to nothing; 1 =knows some or a lot) 4. Number of information sources used (0= none or one; 1 = two or more sources cited) 5. Attribution of ADHD to sugar in the diet (0= probably or definitely true; 1 =probably or definitely false). Knowledge scores can range from 0 to 5 ('0' indicating the least amount of knowledge), and were normally distributed (mean =2.6, SD =1.6, median =3)
Time frame: from enrollment until the end of the six week sessions of the intervention
Change in maternal ADHD stigma as measured by the ADHD Stigma Scale
The questions ask about some of the experiences, feelings, and opinions people with ADHD might have and how they are treated. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3-agree; 4=strongly agree), with higher scores indicating higher stigma perceptions. The overall stigma score is composed of the sum of all 26 items
Time frame: from enrollment until the end of the six week sessions of the intervention
Change in maternal stress as measured by the Parental Stress Items
Parenting Stress Items measures parental stress, by asking parents to consider how "tense" or "frustrated" they feel about parenting their children. Includes 11 items scored on a four-point scale (1¼not at all to 4¼very much so), yielding scores ranging from 11-44, with higher scores indicating greater levels of parenting stress.
Time frame: from enrollment until the end of the six week sessions of the intervention
Change in maternal participation in health promoting activities as measured by the Health Promoting Activities Scale
Health Promoting Activities Scale (HPAS) is an eight-item measure that assesses frequency of participation in social, emotional, physical, and spiritual leisure activities on a seven-point scale (1=never to 7=once or more every day). Scores range from 8 to 56, with higher scores indicating more frequent participation
Time frame: from enrollment until the end of the six week sessions of the intervention
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