This study aims to include type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients comorbid with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary aim of the study is to investigate the TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) syndrome differentiation of T2DM comorbid with MetS.
This study adopts a cross-sectional design, to include type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients comorbid with metabolic syndrome (MetS). The primary aim of the study is to investigate the TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) syndrome differentiation of patients with T2DM and MetS. The demographic data, anthropometric data, fasting glucose and HbA1c, lipid panel, TCM syndrome differentiation information, dietary assessment, physical activity, sleep quality, and quality of life, will be assessed.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
470
This is a cross-sectional observational study. No intervention will be given.
Hong Kong Baptist University
Hong Kong, Hong Kong
TCM syndrome differentiation
A registered Chinese medicine practitioner (CMP) will conduct the TCM syndrome differentiation assessment using a standardized questionnaire, incorporating four TCM diagnostic methods.
Time frame: Baseline
Demographic data
Gender, date of birth, living status, marital status, education level, income status, occupation, work status, smoking history, alcohol consumption history, allergy history, medical history, etc.
Time frame: Baseline
Anthropometric data
Anthropometric measurements such as skin fold thickness measurements.
Time frame: Baseline
Fasting glucose
Fasting glucose level is measured.
Time frame: Baseline
Lipid panel
Total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein levels are measured.
Time frame: Baseline
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)
HbA1C level is measured.
Time frame: Baseline
Framingham Stroke Risk Score (FSRS)
Framingham Stroke Risk Score (FSRS) is calculated based on variables such as age, cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. Individuals with low risk have 10% or less risk at 10 years, with intermediate risk 10-20%, and with high risk 20% or more.
Time frame: Baseline
International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF)
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International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) has been recommended as a cost-effective method to assess physical activity. The IPAQ-SF evaluates the number of days and time spent performing MVPA, walking, and sitting in bouts of at least 10 min over the previous 7 days. The summary score is expressed in PA metabolic equivalent of task (MET)-min per day or week.
Time frame: Baseline
Audit of diabetes-dependent quality of Life (ADDQoL)
Audit of diabetes-dependent quality of Life (ADDQoL) consists of 2 overview items; one measures generic overall QoL and a further 19 items are concerned with the impact of diabetes on specific aspects of life. The scales range from -3 to +1 for 19 life domains (impact rating) and from 0 to +3 in attributed importance (importance rating). A weighted score for each domain is calculated as a multiplier of impact rating and importance rating (ranging from -9 to +3). Lower scores reflect poorer QOL.
Time frame: Baseline
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI)
Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was a 19-item questionnaire used to assess sleep dysfunction over a 1-month period. The total score for the PSQI varies from 0 to 21. A PSQI total score \>5 is indicative of poor sleep.
Time frame: Baseline
Dietary assessment
Dietary intake will be assessed via food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The 60-item FFQ (\<30 min for administration) with food items will be used.
Time frame: Baseline