Role of Acute Phase Proteins In Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenia

Overview

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are antibody-mediated disorders in which platelets are destroyed mainly through activating immunoglobulin (IgG) Fc receptors on phagocytes in the spleen and liver, eventually resulting in thrombocytopenia Acute phase proteins (APP) are inflammation markers that exhibit significant changes in serum concentration during inflammation. These are also important mediators produced in the liver during acute and chronic inflammatory states. Acute phase reactants can be classified as positive or negative, depending on their serum concentrations during inflammation. Positive acute phase reactants are upregulated, and their concentrations increase during inflammation. Negative acute phase reactants are downregulated, and their concentrations decrease during inflammation. Positive acute phase proteins include procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, hepcidin, and serum amyloid A. Negative acute phase reactants include albumin, prealbumin, transferrin, retinol-binding protein, and antithrombin CRP is now well established as a major acute phase protein and is used in daily clinical practice as a sensitive biomarker for infection and inflammation, with its level increasing from \<0.05 to \>500 mg/L after acute infections. CRP is produced by hepatocytes, in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1, with serum concentrations rising to \>5 mg/L after 6 hours and peaking after ∼48 hours. In healthy young adult volunteer blood donors, the median concentration of CRP was found to be ∼0.8 mg/L CRP levels are useful as a clinical diagnostic tool for infection, and it is a common knowledge that ITP is triggered by viral infection that precedes the clinical picture of ITP by a few days to a few weeks Procalcitonin (PCT) is used as a reliable inflammatory biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity ferritin was confirmed as an inflammation and infection biomarker in the diagnosis of viral and bacterial infections.