Resistance exercise training (RT) is a key component of health related exercise programs. However, an accurate specification of RT load prescription is essential for effective and safe achievement of training aims. Proper specification of exercise intensity might be the most critical issue when designing RT protocols for adults. One repetition maximum tests (1RM) have been considered the "gold standard" of dynamic maximum strength evaluation. Although the argument of increased risk of injuries and adverse effects with 1RM testing in older people has been rejected by several studies , limited motivation to lift maximum loads, requirement for high test effort, time constraints, and interruption of the continuity of the training process aggravate the frequent application of 1RM tests particularly in non-athletic RT. 1RM prediction equations that use the load and number of repetitions completed to fatigue (RTF) to predict repetition maximum might be a reliable and feasible option to 1RM testing. Thus, the primary aims of this study were to evaluate the predictive accuracy of current RTF equations and to develop an equation that more accurately predicts 1RM from RTF tests.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
120
One 1RM and three RTF tests (5-8RM, 9-12RM, 13-16RM) on seven resistance training devices
Institute of Radiology, University Hospital NErlangen
Erlangen, Germany
Maximum load, one repetition maximum, leg press
Maximum load lifted once (1RM, in kg) for the leg press exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 5-8RM, leg press
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT5-8, in kg) for the leg press exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 9-12RM, leg press
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT9-12, in kg) for the leg press exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 13-16 RM, leg press
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT13-16, in kg) for the leg press exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load, one repetition maximum, lat pulls
Maximum load lifted once (1RM, in kg) for the latissimus pull exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 5-8 RM, lat pulls
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT5-8, in kg) for the latissimus pull exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 9-12 RM, lat pulls
Maximum load lifted 9-12 times (RFT9-12, in kg) for the latissimus pull exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 13-16 RM, lat pulls
Maximum load lifted 13-16 times (RFT13-16, in kg) for the latissimus pull exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load, one repetition maximum, triceps dips
Maximum load lifted once (1RM, in kg) for the triceps dips exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 5-8 RM, triceps dips
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT5-8, in kg) for the triceps dips exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 9-12 RM, triceps dips
Maximum load lifted 9-12 times (RFT9-12, in kg) for the triceps dips exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 13-16 RM, triceps dips
Maximum load lifted 13-16 times (RFT13-16, in kg) for the triceps dips exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load, one repetition maximum, trunk extension
Maximum load lifted once (1RM, in kg) for the trunk extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 5-8 RM, trunk extension
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT5-8, in kg) for the trunk extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 9-12 RM, trunk extension
Maximum load lifted 9-12 times (RFT9-12, in kg) for the trunk extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 13-16 RM, trunk extension
Maximum load lifted 13-16 times (RFT13-16, in kg) for the trunk extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load, one repetition maximum, trunk flexion
Maximum load lifted once (1RM, in kg) for the trunk flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 5-8 RM, trunk flexion
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT5-8, in kg) for the trunk flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 9-12 RM, trunk flexion
Maximum load lifted 9-12 times (RFT9-12, in kg) for the trunk flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 13-16 RM, trunk flexion
Maximum load lifted 13-16 times (RFT13-16, in kg) for the trunk flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load, one repetition maximum, leg flexion
Maximum load lifted once (1RM, in kg) for the leg flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 5-8 RM, leg flexion
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT5-8, in kg) for the leg flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 9-12 RM, leg flexion
Maximum load lifted 9-12 times (RFT9-12, in kg) for the leg flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 13-16 RM, leg flexion
Maximum load lifted 13-16 times (RFT13-16, in kg) for the leg flexion exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load, one repetition maximum, leg extension
Maximum load lifted once (1RM, in kg) for the leg extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 5-8 RM, leg extension
Maximum load lifted 5-8 times (RFT5-8, in kg) for the leg extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 9-12 RM, leg extension
Maximum load lifted 9-12 times (RFT9-12, in kg) for the leg extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
Maximum load lifted at 13-16 RM, leg extension
Maximum load lifted 13-16 times (RFT13-16, in kg) for the leg extension exercise
Time frame: At baseline - no follow up tests
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