Comparsion Between Intrathecal Fentanyl and Intravenous Nalbuphine as a Postoperative Analgesia in Lower Limb Surgeries

Overview

Postoperative pain management has been a major challenge and there has been great interest about it ., there have been persistent efforts to bring out the best possible analgesic technique with the least side effects. The popularity of lower limb surgeries owing to its higher incidence, orthopedic and vascular surgerise. Inadequate postoperative pain relief is associated with undesirable side effects resulting in chronic persistent pain, delayed recovery Concern about opioid has powerful effect in relief post operative pain. the aim of this study is to Compare between fentanyl intrathecal and nalbuphine IV as a postoperative analgesia in lower limb surgeries

Fentanyl, a potent lipid-soluble opioid which was first synthesized more than 40years ago, is still the most popular opioid used as post operative analgesia t. Fentanyl given intrathecally use in many acute and chronic pain conditions. inspite of its side effects fentanyl remains the mainstay of anesthesiologists in post operative period analgesia. Anesthetic methods of Lower limb surgery such as orthopedic and vascular surgeries, for example in the use of local infiltration, spinal anesthesia, caudal anesthesia, or general anesthesia Among them, spinal anesthesia is commonly used for lower limb surgery which does not need a sophisticated machine and which has been performed for years before anesthetic equipment such as mechanical ventilators and monitoring devices was produced. The development of new local anesthetic agents, the use of opioids, and an interest in acute and chronic pain management have universalized spinal anesthesia. Immediate pain is very severe in lowerlimb surgery and difficul to control. Moreover, due to the short hospitalization period, there is a limit in the application of patient-controlled analgesia that permits patients to treat pain by directly activating doses of opoids . Nalbuphine... Nalbuphine is an agonist-antagonist opioid and provides prolonged duration of analgesia with fewer side effects of fentanyl such as pruritus, nausea, and vomiting. Nalbuphine has a powerful effect in decreasing postoperative pain nNalbuphine IS asynthetic agonistant agonist opioid, demonstrated to attenuate mu-opioid receptor-related adverse events such as pruritis, nausea/emesis, constipation respiratory depression, undesirable sedation, and the development of toler ance and dependence. With several clinical reports, nalbuphine has been recognized as a safe and highly efficacious opioid analgesic that possesses remarkably low narcotic abuse liability. As a result, nalbuphine provides an alternative choice to replace strong opioids for the clinical practice of post- operative pain managemen