Determine the combined effect of training in hypoxia and nitrate supplementation on the performance and health of athletes at sea-level and altitude conditions.
Determine the combined effect of training in hypoxia and nitrate supplementation on the performance and health of athletes at sea-level and altitude conditions. It is hypothesized that the combined effect of these interventions will promote an additional performance and health improvement in this population at sea-level and altitude conditions, compared with the single effect.
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE
Enrollment
30
The combined effect of nitrate supplementation and hypoxia training on both performance and health at sea-level and altitude conditions.
The combined effect of placebo supplementation and hypoxia training on both performance and health at sea-level and altitude conditions.
The combined effect of placebo supplementation and normoxia training on both performance and health at sea-level and altitude conditions.
University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto-Douro
Vila Real, Portugal
Performance adaptations
Time-to-task failure (time sustained)
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Performance adaptations
Time trials (time performed)
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Performance adaptations
VO2 kinetics (time constant and amplitude of fast and slow oxygen components)
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max: absolute and relative value)
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations
Lactate threshold (absolute and percentage of VO2max)
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Cardiovascular and neuromuscular adaptations
Muscular oxygen saturation (SmO2)
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Skeletal muscle adaptations
Oxidative enzyme activity (cytochrome oxidase subunit IV), citrate synthase, transcription factors (HIF-1alpha and PGC-1alpha) and GLUT4 - assessed through standard enzymatic fluorometric assay and western bllotting
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
This platform is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional.
Skeletal muscle adaptations
Mitochondrial and capillary density, capillary-to-fibre ratio and fibre cross-section area - cryosections cut with a cryostat and further samples analysed by fluorescence microscopy
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Haematological adaptations
Blood pressure (Hmmg), mean arterial pressure (calculated as 1/3 \* systolic pressure + 2/3 \* diastolic pressure)
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Haematological adaptations
Plasma \[NO2-\] and \[NO3-\], erythropoietin (EPO), haemoglobin (Hb) and haematocrit (Hct) - all assays on plasma sample analysed by spectrophometry
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Oxidative stress and antioxidant markers adaptations
Nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde, ferric-reducing antioxidant power and superoxide dismutase concentrations - all assays on plasma sample analysed by spectrophometry
Time frame: Moment #1 (48hours pre-intervention) and moment #2 (48hours post-intervention)
Sleep and cardiac autonomic activity adaptations
Sleep duration (minutes)
Time frame: Moment #1 (2 weeks pre-intervention - baseline) and moment #2 (4 weeks intervention)
Sleep and cardiac autonomic activity adaptations
Sleep efficiency (%)
Time frame: Moment #1 (2 weeks pre-intervention - baseline) and moment #2 (4 weeks intervention)
Sleep and cardiac autonomic activity adaptations
Wake up time (hours: minutes)
Time frame: Moment #1 (2 weeks pre-intervention - baseline) and moment #2 (4 weeks intervention)
Sleep and cardiac autonomic activity adaptations
Resting heart rate (bpm)
Time frame: Moment #1 (2 weeks pre-intervention - baseline) and moment #2 (4 weeks intervention)
Sleep and cardiac autonomic activity adaptations
Heart rate variability (lnRMSSD)
Time frame: Moment #1 (2 weeks pre-intervention - baseline) and moment #2 (4 weeks intervention)