Endoscopy-Assisted Tracheal Intubation Versus Conventional Tracheal Intubation for Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection (ESD)

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) at Ningbo University Affiliated First Hospital from December 2024 to December 2026. * Aged between 18 and 75 years. * Patients who voluntarily agree to participate in the study and sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: * Individuals under 18 years of age. * Patients unwilling or unable to provide informed consent. * Patients with severe chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, or those who have required hospitalization for coronary or cerebrovascular events or radiotherapy within the past 3 months. * Patients with severe abdominal symptoms such as severe pain, bloating, or nausea. * Patients with inadequate preoperative preparation. * Individuals requiring lifelong anticoagulant therapy, those with severe bleeding disorders, or those who have recently taken anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications. * Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals.