MRNA Neoantigen Vaccine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Inclusion Criteria: * Surgically resected and histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC according to the United States Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) eighth edition guidelines * Qualify and sufficient tumor samples for genetic testing and neoantigen analysis * There are no EGFR and ALK gene alteration * Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of United States: 0 or 1 point * Estimated survival ≥ 6 months * Qualify and sufficient blood samples for immunogenicity and biomarkers before and after treatment, of which the blood samples for genetic testing during the screening period must be free of blood transfusions, blood products and other hematopoietic stimulating factors within 7 days before collection * Postoperative complications have recovered, or complications are lower than Clavien-Dindo complication grade 3 * There was no evidence of disease in clinical examination, chest and abdomen contrast-enhanced CT and baseline radiological evaluation of head MRI within 14 days before the first dose * Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to the first dose with a negative result; and must be non-lactating * Female subjects of childbearing potential and male subjects whose partners are women of childbearing potential must agree to comply with contraceptive requirements from the time of signing the informed consent form until 90 days after the end of the last treatment (see "Contraceptive methods" in Annex V for details) Exclusion Criteria: * Histologically or cytologically diagnosed small cell lung cancer (SCLC), or mixed tumors with small cell components, or neuroendocrine tumors or sarcomatoid carcinomas with large cell components * Any person who is not suitable for immunotherapy as assessed by the investigator * Presence of autoimmune diseases, except for hypothyroidism due to autoimmune thyroiditis that only requires hormone replacement therapy * Evidence of active tuberculosis infection within 1 year prior to initiation of study treatment, regardless of treatment * Subjects with a known history of interstitial pneumonia or a high suspicion of interstitial pneumonia, or evidence of active interstitial pneumonia on chest CT during the pre-screening period; Known history of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, history of organizing pneumonia (such as bronchiolitis obliterans or cryptogenic organizing pneumonia); and subjects who may interfere with the detection or management of suspected drug-related pulmonary toxicity * Severe infection (such as intravenous infusion of antibiotics, antifungal or antiviral drugs required according to clinical diagnosis and treatment standards) within 28 days before starting study treatment, or active infection that has received therapeutic intravenous or oral antibiotics within 14 days before starting study treatment * Known allergy to the study drug or any of its excipients, or history of severe allergic reactions to other vaccines * Subject has a history of other malignancies within the past 5 years or at the same time, excluding cured carcinoma in situ of the cervix, basal cell carcinoma of the skin or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, localized prostate cancer after radical resection, ductal carcinoma in situ after radical resection (hormonal therapy for non-metastatic prostate cancer or breast cancer is allowed), and papillary thyroid carcinoma * Known history of allogeneic organ transplantation or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation * Patients with congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, such as cellular immunodeficiency (e.g., DiGeorge syndrome, T-negative severe combined immunodeficiency \[SSCID\]) or combined T-cell and B-cell immunodeficiency (e.g., T- and B-negative combined immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, ataxia telangiectasia, common variable immunodeficiency); or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection * Active hepatitis B (defined as a positive active hepatitis B virus surface antigen \[HBsAg\] test result during the screening period with detection of HBV DNA ≥500IU/mL or above the upper limit of normal for the study center), or hepatitis C (defined as a positive hepatitis C antibody \[HCV-Ab\] test result and HCV-RNA positive during the screening period) * Has poorly controlled or severe cardiovascular disease, such as severe/unstable angina, symptomatic congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III. or IV.), myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to initiation of study treatment, or unstable angina pectoris within 1 month prior to initiation of study treatment, or presence of cardiac arrhythmias requiring treatment or intervention, or poorly controlled hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥ 150mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg) after adequate treatment * In the opinion of the investigator, the subject has a history of other serious systemic diseases, or other reasons are not suitable for participating in this clinical study (such as any other disease that may affect the subject's compliance with the study treatment, interfere with the interpretation of the study results, or expose the subject to safety risks, or the tumor tissue sequencing data analysis results show that there are not enough neoantigens available for vaccine preparation, or the vaccine preparation fails); Other circumstances judged by the investigator that may affect the conduct of clinical research and the judgment of research results