this study will be conducted to investigate the difference in balance and ankle proprioception between calcaneus spur patients and age matched normal subjects
A calcaneal spur, also known as enthesophyte, is an abnormal bone outgrowth at the inferior part of the calcaneus, which is the most common site of bony spur occurrence. Although there is consensus that a calcaneal spur is a common cause of heel pain, approximately 20% of calcaneal spurs are asymptomatic and its pathology remains not fully understood.Ankle Joint Position Sense (JPS) refers to the ability to accurately perceive and reproduce the position of the ankle joint in space. Balance, on the other hand, encompasses the ankle joint's positional stability during both static and dynamic activities.Several investigations have demonstrated a significant association between ankle JPS and balance, indicating that individuals with better proprioceptive acuity in the ankle joint tend to exhibit superior postural stability, ). It was found that higher plantar fascia and heel fat pad stiffness and thickness are related to higher postural sway in anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions based on the single-leg balance tests. These results suggest that the morphological and mechanical properties of plantar fascia and heel fat pad play an important role in balance performance.
Study Type
OBSERVATIONAL
Enrollment
52
dynamic balance
the Biodex Balance System (BBS) ,Version 3.1, has been used to evaluate postural balance
Time frame: up to one day
static balance
The single-leg stance balance test will be used to assess static balance.
Time frame: up to one day
ankle propriception
digital inclinometer will be used to assessed ankle proprioception
Time frame: up to one day
foot disability
A Foot Function Index (FFI) will be used to assess foot disability. The pain subcategory consists of 9 items and measures foot pain in different situations, such as walking barefoot versus walking with shoes. The disability subcategory consists of 9 items and measures difficulty performing various functional activities because of foot problems, such as difficulty climbing stairs. The activity limitation subcategory consists of 5 items and measures limitations in activities because of foot problems, such as staying in bed all day. Recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS), scores range from 0 to 100 mm, with higher scores indicating worse pain. Both total and subcategory scores are calculated
Time frame: up to one day
integrity of the plantar fascia ligament
The Windlass Test is a physical examination technique will be used to assess the integrity of the plantar fascia ligament in the foot. we evaluated the Windlass test, and found it had a high specificity, and a low level of sensitivity. It can be used as part of the clinician's armamentarium in evaluating patients with plantar fasciitis, and should be performed in a weightbearing position to maximize the sensitivity
Time frame: up to one day
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